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Article on new less-lethal weapons police are looking at using to control protests, and new high tech devices being used by protestors.

Activism

Anti-Corporation - Protests, boycotts, strikes, class action suits, and other organized actions against corporations.
Anti-Media - Not necessarily people wanting to get rid of all media (!!) but just campaigning against TV, or bad things about TV, newspapers, etc.
Cacerolazo - The night of the 19th and 20th December 2001 in Argentina a new type of demonstration that eventually leaded to the resignation of President Fernando de La Rúa was born. It consisted of thousands of people banging on their caceroles (pots and pans), hence the term of the Spanish word ´cacerolazo´ for this type of demonstration. Later more ´cacerolazos´ were used in different parts of the world as means of protest, sometimes in the context of the anti-globalisation movement.
Consumer
Directories
General - Activism "emphasizes direct vigorous action especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue" according to Merriam-Webster. Note: A few sites listed here may advocate activities or contain material that some people may find offensive.
In Daily Life - Web sites that describe, challenge or present "how to's" for activism in daily life are welcome here.
Internet
Media - This category is for two kinds of sites. The first are sites that utilize media to promote grassroots social activism. The second are the ones that protest specific media sources. There is a fine line between having a site that criticizes a specific source and one that promotes activism in opposition to it. However, if your site is more of a critical examination of a media source (or sources) than an activist one, it should be submitted to Media: Analysis and Opinion . In addition, if your site is more oriented towards educating the public in how to consume the media in general, it should be submitted to Media Literacy . Also, if your site promotes the "public interest" generally, and is not tied to any specific issue, it may belong here. It also should also be submitted to Media: Public Interest .
Multi-Issue
Nonviolence - Not a category for all activism which is nonviolent! (That would be almost everything!) Instead, this is a place for promotion of non-violent activism, questions about when it might or might not be appropriate, etc.
Petitions
Regional - Activism by country and by region.
Resources - Tools and resources to support activists, as opposed to sites which are about activism itself.
Strategies - Activism strategies.
Video - Video Activism and political activism videos in general.

Advice

Email Advice - Sites that depend on two-way email communication, rather than those that post questions openly on the site, or have real-time or message board methods. Please consider carefully what information you give to sites you do not know and trust. See also Members Only , which goes a step further and requires registration.
General - As a sub-category of "Society", this category deals with advice on the 'human condition', rather than, for example, motor mechanics. Also, it favors those sites at which you can seek advice - or read about those who have - rather than those which simply publish a prepacked world view! (see Self_Help . Please be careful and use your own judgment when requesting advice. It can be hard to determine the qualifications of those offering advice over the Internet. This category is most definitely not an 'information service' area; it's Advice! Help us to help you - by making this the most useful directory.
Members Only - Sites that have some form of registration membership system before any advice is given. Please be careful and use your own judgment when requesting advice. It can be hard to determine the qualifications of those offering advice over the Internet. Please consider carefully what information you give to sites you do not know and trust. See also Email Advice , which may dispense advice without public display.
Personal Pages - Free advice from helpful souls with little or no training, but a willingness to share their accumulated life wisdom with others.
Syndicated - Sites which are web-versions of established advice columns, from newspapers, journals and television. As a sub-category of "Society", this category deals with advice on the 'human condition', rather than, for example, motor mechanics. Please be careful and use your own judgment when requesting advice. It can be hard to determine the qualifications of those offering advice over the Internet. This category is most definitely not an 'information service' area; it's Advice!
Web Columns - This category is specifically for professional - or at least qualified - advisory services that exist only on the Internet. As a sub-category of "Society", this category deals with advice on the 'human condition', rather than, for example, motor mechanics. Also, it favors those sites at which you can seek advice - or read about those who have - rather than those which simply publish a prepacked world view! (Chances are, there's a better category for that kind of site) Please be careful and use your own judgment when requesting advice. It can be hard to determine the qualifications of those offering advice over the Internet. This category is most definitely not an 'information service' area; it's Advice!

Crime

Abuse - Sites providing information about abuse and its forms.
Books and Authors
Criminals - Sites relating to specific criminals.
Domestic Violence - Sites providing information related to Domestic Violence.
General - Sites and categories about criminals, particular types of crime or criminal activity, and justice systems.
Internet Crime
Kidnapping - Site providing information about Kidnapping.
Murder
News and Media
Organized Crime
Prevention - This category will focus on the anticipation, recognition, and prevention of crime. Sites in this category must provide information that will have some impact on understanding and preventing future crime. The site may represent a theory, a practice, a tip, a case history, a service, a product or an organization.
Prisons
Research
Sex Offenses - Scholarly research and literature relating to sex offense typology, judicial and corrections policies, sex offender registries and treatment, articles, statistics and prevention topics.
Theft
Trials
Unsolved
Victims

Death

Death Care - This category comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial or interment and conducting funerals (i.e., providing facilities for wakes, arranging transportation for the dead, selling caskets and related merchandise). Also included are establishments primarily engaged in operating sites or structures reserved for the interment of human or animal remains and/or cremating the dead.
General - Sites related to the issues surrounding Death and Dying.
Near Death Experiences - The Near Death Experience category has been established to provide links to the best sites which help explain and explore the phenomenon of the NDE. The main page is for those sites which provide the results of original research or original and profound theological insights which make the Near Death Experience more understandable. Additionally, there are a number of subcategories. One is for the home pages of near death experiencers, and a second for sites the primary emphasis of which is the compiling of anthologies of Near Death Experience accounts. A subcategory has been created for NDE authors with sites promoting their books, newsletters, speaking schedules, etc. There is a special category for The International Association for Near-Death Studies and its affiliated chapters. Another subcategory exists for interesting NDE articles found throughout the net and one for after-death communications. And lastly, a subcategory has been established for the NDE skeptics.
News and Media
Online Dedications - This category has been created in order to assist internet users searching for information: - on a site in which to place memorial/obituary type information for a deceased loved one, - of a memorial/obituary nature listed for a deceased loved one, - to assist memorial site operating staff and the general public to become familiar with the services now available in this new and developing category.
Suicide - This is the most general category related to suicide.

Disabled

Arts - People with disabilities creating arts, or artworks and adaptations for PWDs.
Assistive Technology - Information, research, and data about Assistive Technology - devices and services that assist people with disabilities with daily living tasks, communication, education, work, and recreation. What is Assistive Technology? Assistive or Adaptive Technology (AT) commonly refers to products, devices or equipment, whether acquired commercially, modified or customized, that are used to maintain, increase or improve the functional capacities of individuals with disabilities.
Business - Businesses whose purpose is to create job opportunities for disabled people, or that provide other services for this population.
Camps - Camps for people with disabilities and diseases.
Chats and Forums - Chats, forums, message boards, and bulletin boards about general disability topics.
Children - Information, resources, organizations, and support for children with disabilities and their families.
Conferences - Conferences on general disability themes.
Directories - Organized lists of links and other resources about disabilities.
Disability Studies - Research on the history, culture, activities, education, and living conditions of people with disabilities.
Education - General inforamtion sites about education for people with disabilities.
Employment - General sites on the topic of employment for people with disabilities. National-level and international-level organizations serving all disabilities.
Family Resources - Information and resources for families living with a disability.
General - People with disabilities - how they live, learn, work, play and travel. Also disability news, studies, information, and statistics.
Humor - Humorous sites by and about people with disabilities.
Independent Living - General information, and national and international organizations, concerned with Independent Living. (See FAQ)
Lifestyle - Online lifestyle communities for people with disabilities.
Mailing Lists - Electronic discussion groups on general disability topics whose communications are transmitted over email.
News and Media - Sites for news agencies, radio and television stations, and newspapers and magazines concerned with disabilities.
Organizations - National and international organizations serving people with general disabilities or a range of disabilities.
Personal Pages - Personal web pages of people with disabilities.
Recreation - Sites about recreation for and by people with disabilities.
Respite Care - General information and organizations related to respite care for people with disabilities.
Service Animals - Service animals are trained to assist people with various diabilities.
Statistics
Travel - Information and resources for the disabled traveler and his/her companions.
Universal Design - Informational sites about designing homes, businesses and landscapes to be accessible and enjoyable for as many people as possible.
Web Rings - Linked sites on disability topics.

Ethnicity

African
Albanian
Arab - Web sites dealing with Arabic history, culture, and language. Everything that defines the Arab identity of today. Our working definition of an "Arab" person is an Arabic language speaking person. Web sites with political, regional, commercial, or organisational themes are NOT going to be listed here. They may be listed in the categories under this category though.
Armenian - This category contains web sites related to organized Armenian communities outside Armenia, living as ethnic minorities in various parts of the world.
Aromanian
Asian - Asia is defined as the continent in Eastern hemisphere bounded by Europe and the Arctic. Cultures represent many nationalities and are rooted in various countries. Please submit listings to their respective country of orgin. If it represents American interests list it at Asian American
Assyrian - This Category is dealing with Assyrian Web Sites, and all the web sites that are related to the Assyrians culture, language, and History.
Baltic
Bangladeshi
Bulgarian - Sites related to Bulgarians outside of Bulgaria, people of Bulgarian descent outside of Bulgaria, and Bulgarian culture outside of Bulgaria.
Business and Economy - General information resources about ethnic groups and "minorities" in business, including economic and social statistics and conditions. Sites focusing on a specific ethnic group are listed in the subcategory for that ethnic group. If specific business categories are created for an ethnic group, an @link should be created here.
Cajun
Celtic - 1 : a member of a division of the early Indo-European peoples who swept into Western Europe around 500 BC and occupied the lands west of the Rhine; England, Belgium, France, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, Brittany and Galicia: or 2 : a modern Gael, Highland Scot, Irishman, Welshman, Cornishman, or Breton, or a descendant of these peoples dispersed throughout the world through immigration. Celtic culture then is the culture (music, language, legends, religion, sports, humour, dance or writings) of these people or their descendants. Category for sites relating to two or more of the Celtic ethnicities, or for Celtic culture as a whole. Also contains links to other categories on aspects or subsets of Celtic peoples and culture.
Dutch - Sites and pertaining to people of ethnic or linguistic Dutch extraction.
English
Estonian
Filipino
Finnish
French - Web sites dealing with French history, culture, and language. Everything that defines the French identity of today. May include sites about Francophones around the world.
General - Categories organized by their focus on specific racial and ethnic groups.
German
Greek
Guyanese - "Guyanese" is a directory of all the known online repositories of information pertaining to Guyana - and everything Guyanese. From "Parkaraima's Peaks of Power, to Corentyne's Lush Lands," --- we remember Guyana, and everything Guyanese, by bringing to the "world" (via the World Wide Web) our culture.
Haitian
Hispanic - The broadest Hispanic category focuses on American Latinos, but also on other Hispanics outside of the United States, including, but not limited to, Hispanics in Latin America and the Iberian peninsula. The websites in the Hispanic category, and its subcategories, should be primarily in English or bilingual. Websites primarily in Spanish should be in World: Español.
Hungarian - Home-pages with content about Hungarians living outside Hungary's actual state-borders. Please, do not submit pages with other contents as mentioned above! Submit only pages in English, please! For pages in Hungarian please go to World/Magyar/Társadalom/Külföldi_Magyarok! Thank you!
Indian - Topics of interest to Asian Indians living around the world.
Indigenous People
Iranian
Irish
Israeli
Italian
Khmer - Web sites dealing with Khmer (Cambodian) history, culture, and language.
Kurdish
Latvian
Laz
Lithuanian
Melungeon - Melungeons are a group of dark fine-featured people who have lived in Appalachia for at least 200 years and probably longer. They are not, at least exclusively, Native Americans, not African American and not the "usual" Caucasian (read: Scott Irish/German) Appalachians. They were reported to have been there when the first "white" settlers came and were living in cabins, speaking broken Elizabethan English and saying they were "Portyghee". This original group settled in Hancock County, TN, and early on spread to Wise County, VA. Now there are Melungeons and their descendants all over the region, east Tennessee, western Virginia and northern North Carolina. There are also several other similar groups that the name has been applied to, such as the Kentucky Melungeons, in southeastern Kentucky, and the Graysville Melungeons, between Knoxville and Chattanooga.
Multiracial - This category is for websites strictly concerning people who claim to be of more than one racial racial or ethnic background without adhering to one race or ethnic group moreso than any of the others.
News and Media
Pakistani
Parsi
Polish
Portuguese - For sites about the culture and activities of people of Portuguese heritage around the world.
Rhodesian - Rhodesians are a dispersed group of people who identify with a country that no longer exists. Rhodesians are mostly former citizens of Southern Rhodesia/Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe ) or Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia ).
Romani - Roma (Gypsies) The Roma are a distinct ethnic minority whose origins began on the Indian subcontinent over one thousand years ago. Why the Roma left India is clouded in uncertainty, yet they entered southeastern Europe in the last quarter of the 13th Century. Because they arrived in Europe from the East, they were thought by the first Europeans to be from Turkey, Nubia or Egypt, or any number of non-European places. They were called, among other things, Egyptians or Gyptians, which is where the word " Gypsy " comes from. In some places, this Egyptian identity was taken entirely seriously, and was no doubt borrowed by the early Roma themselves. Migration from India In Europe, Roma were either kept in slavery in the Balkans from the 14th century (officially abolished in 1864), or else moved into the rest of the European continent, reaching every northern and western country by about 1500. The fragmentation of the Romani population occurred on a major scale after their arrival into Europe in the 14th century. Once in Europe, their particular ability to adjust to outside groups continued, and in some places, the Romani element was dominant enough to assimilate outsiders. In other places, the Romani element was too small to maintain its discrete identity and it was lost, while contributing to the group into which they were absorbed. The Romani population has grown differently in different places, to the point that one group may deny the legitimacy of another group. But all groups maintain to a greater or lesser degree the barrier between who is Roma and who is not. Thus there are populations of Romani who have incorporated a substantial foreign genetic element from outside of India, but who remain in terms of their own self-perception Roma, and who speak Romanes. In the course of time, as a result of having interacted with various European populations, and being fragmented into widely-separated groups, Roma have emerged as a collection of distinct ethnic groups within the larger whole. There are many groups of Roma, including (but not limited to) the Kalderash, Machavaya, Lovari, Churari, Romanichal, Gitanoes, Kalo, Sinti, Rudari, Manush, Boyash, Ungaritza, Luri, Bashaldé, Romungro, and Xoraxai. Romani culture is diverse with many traditions and customs, and all groups around the world have their own individual beliefs and tenets. There is no universal culture per se, but there are attributes common to all Roma, including: loyalty to family (extended and clan); Romaniya , standards and norms, varying in degree from tribe to tribe; and adaptability to changing conditions. Integration of many Roma into gajikané (non-Roma, or foreign) culture due to settlement has diluted many Romani cultural values and beliefs. Not all groups have the same definition of who and what is "Roma." What may be accepted as "true-Roma" by one group may be gadjé to another. It would be invalid to generalize and oversimplify by giving concrete rules to all Roma. Despite what some groups may believe, there is no one group that can call themselves the one, " true " Roma. Today, the following characteristics apply to the many Roma groups and communities around the world: Roma may be nomadic, semi-sedentary, or sedentary; Roma speak many dialects of Romanes, and some Roma may not speak Romanes at all; Roma may live in rural or urban areas; Some Roma groups are predominately illiterate, while other groups stress at least a minimum of literacy in their host country's language for its community members. The Romani people have been known by many names, including Gypsies (or Gipsies ), Tsigani, Tzigane, Cigano, Zigeuner, and others. Most Roma have always referred to themselves by their tribal names, or as Rom or Roma, meaning "Man" or "People." (Rom, Roma, Romani, and Romaniya should not be confused with the country of Romania, or the city of Rome. These names have separate, distinct etymological origins and are not related.) The use of Rom, Roma, Romani, or the double "r" spelling (Rrom, Rroma, Rromani), is preferred in all official communications and legal documents. The trend is to eliminate the use of derogatory, pejorative and offensive names, such as Gypsies , and to be given proper respect by the use of the self-appelation of Roma, or Rroma. Gypsies , although offensive to most Roma, is still a proper name, and as such, must always be capitalized . The Romani language is of Indo-Aryan origin and has many spoken dialects, some of which are not mutually intelligible. The root language of Romani is ancient Punjabi with loan words borrowed from the many countries the migrations of the Roma have taken them. The spoken Romani language is varied, but all dialects contain some common words in use by all Roma. Integration and assimilation into gajikane society have always threatened the preservation of Romani customs, traditions and language. The Roma ability to adapt to new environments in order to survive has been responsible for the loss of many customs forgotten with time. Understanding these threats can prevent the further loss of a unique and ancient culture. There have been many large-scale, state-sponsored persecutions, or pogroms, against the Roma throughout European history. The Nazi terror of World War II is the most infamous and is responsible for the deaths of up to 1.5 million Roma in the Porrajmos (in Romani meaning the Devouring ). The recent collapse of the communist governments of Eastern Europe have rekindled anti-Roma sentiment in Eastern and Western Europe. Violent attacks against Romani immigrants and refugees have been permitted to occur with little or no restraint from government authorities. The Romani people remain the least integrated and the most persecuted people of Europe. Almost everywhere, their fundamental civil rights are threatened. Although the Roma originated from India, they have no homeland they can call their own; therefore they have no government that will speak for them and protect them. Roma Flag The wheel-shaped, sixteen-spoked chakra , was adopted at the First World Romani Congress in London in 1971 as the international Romani symbol. The green and blue flag with a red chakra in the center was adopted as the Romani flag, as well as the motto " Opré Roma " (Roma Arise). The song " Gelem, gelem " was selected as the Romani anthem; and April 8 was proclaimed International Romani Day. There have been four World Romani Congresses to date. Today, Roma are using the Internet to display pride in culture, language and solidarity with other Roma worldwide. The affordability and immediacy of the Internet provides a voice for the Roma, a voice that attempts to educate the public about a misunderstood and much maligned culture. - By Harold Joseph Fontenot , 20 June 1999. Thanks go to Marko Courbet and Ian Hancock for their contributions to this category description.
Romanian
Russian - For English language sites dealing with Russian culture and everything that defines the Russian identity of today. Primarily about Russians outside of Russia, people of Russian descent, and Russian culture outside of Russia. Could also encompass sites on Russian culture worldwide, i.e., both in and out of Russia. This category is for sites in English only, sites in Russian should be submitted to the most appropriate category under World/Russian
Sami - The Sami (Saami or Sámi), previously known as Lapps, are the native and indigenous population of the northern part of the Scandinavian peninsula. They inhabit the Arctic and subarctic areas of Norway, Sweden, Finland and western Russia. Their languages belong to the Finno-Ugric languages.
Scandinavian
Scottish - This category is for websites that deal with the Scottish culture outside of Scotland itself.
Slav
Slovak
Tamil
Turk - Web sites dealing with Turks; their history, culture, and language.
Ukrainian - Ukrainian people live throughout the World and have organized communities throughout various cities and countries. This category indexes Ukrainians' presence outside of Ukraine itself.
Welsh

Folklore

Academic Departments
Death and Funeral Customs
General
Literature - Folk literature (oral literature, "orature") comprises the verbal forms of folklore, and includes larger narratives such as folktales, and smaller forms such as proverbs, riddles, and rhymes. Although usually transmitted by word of mouth, some forms are transmitted in writing, such as graffiti on walls, or urban legends in emails. Essential to folk literature is its existence in multiple variants.
Magic - Folk magic is the magic of the common people, usually without elaborate ritual or preparation. It is found in childrens' rhymes: "Rain, rain, go away ...", in casual acts such as throwing a pinch of spilled salt over the shoulder, and in gestures such as burying iron under the hearth of a new home. It is neither religion nor superstition, but a belief that the energy flowing through people and natural objects can cause positive change.
Organizations
Products and Services
Religion
Weather Beliefs - Folklore on weather and atmospheric phenomena

Future

Catastrophes
Chats and Forums - This category is for chats and forum that have a primary focus on speculation and research about the future, including competing views by futurists.
Consultants - This category is for the consultation concerning the speculation and research about the future.
Essays
General - This category is for speculation and research about the future, including competing views by futurists.
Magazines and E-zines
Mailing Lists
Millennialism - Of course, everyone knows that the new millennium begins in the year 2001, right? )
Organizations
Personal Pages - This category is for personal pages regarding the speculation and research about the future, including competing views by futurists.
Predictions - Sites that claim to predict the future of society in a way that may be later verified.
Projects
Utopias

Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual

Advice - Sites relating to advice for gay, lesbian, and bisexual people.
Allies - Organizations, publications, and people who ally themselves with the causes of GLBT people, regardless of their own sexual orientation.
Arts and Entertainment - Gay, lesbian, and bisexual Art, Entertainment, Photography, Comedy, Film, Music, Radio and Television.
Bisexual - Resources specifically for bisexual men and women, including polyamorous, polygamous, and pansexual persons.
Business and Finance - Resources for money management.
Coming Out - Gay, lesbian, and bisexual people use the term "coming out" when referring to the process of revealing their sexual orientation to others. This category contains help, stories, and information.
Computers and Internet - This category contains sites relating to computer and internet use by gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Includes web communities, webrings, chats, mailing lists, directories, and web development
Conferences
Elders - Issues of relevance to seniors in the gay, lesbian, and bisexual community.
Family and Relationships - Sites relating to family, marriage, parenting, and adoption for gay, lesbian, bisexual people.
Gay Men - Websites relating to various issues and interests of gay men.
Health and Wellness - Sites relating to physical and mental health, disabilities and diseases which affect gay, lesbian, bisexual people.
History - Historical information on same-sex love and its effect on human affairs, from ancient times to the recent past.
Home and Garden - Information on household activities from a gay perspective, and home planning.
Homophobia - Sites relating to homophobia and how it affects gays, lesbians, and bisexuals.
Law - Legal issues, information, and organizations relating to laws, marriages, domestic partnership, same-sex couples.
Lesbian - Relating to lesbians, gay women, bisexuals, dykes, and womyn.
Military - Concerns, issues, policies, and groups dealing with gays, lesbians, and bisexuals in the military.
News and Media - Communication outlets offering information to the gay, lesbain, and bisexual community.
Organizations - International organizations relating to equality, human rights, and safety of gay, lesbian, and bisexual people.
People - This category consists of a list of sub-categories within the Open Directory Project that refer to gay, lesbian, or bisexual individuals. The categorization of a person as homosexual or bisexual has existed for only 150 years. Some of the individuals listed here are from times or places where these concepts were not used. In addition some people may have chosen to not publicly acknowledge their sexuality for social or personal reasons. The editors involved in the creation of this list have made every effort to only include individuals for which there is scholarly or documentary evidence available.
Politics - Sites relating to gay, lesbian, and bisexual representation in political parties and governmental process.
Pride Celebrations - Events recognized as International celebrations of Gay Pride, organizers of such events, and calendars of events worldwide.
Race and Ethnicity - Sites related to race and ethnicity.
Recreation - Recreational organizations which focus on Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual membership are listed in this category. General information pages are listed only if the content is specifically aimed at a Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual readership. All other recreation sites can be found in Recreation .
Reference - This category is for sites which offer reference materials pertaining to gay, lesbian, and bisexual life.
Religion and Spirituality - Relating to religion and spirituality, Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Pagan, Radical Faery, Unitarian Universalism.
Sports - Sports can be generally defined as competitive events involving physical exertion. Included here are sports that may be recreational rather than competitive activities for most people, such as bicycling. This category is for sites offering sports information, or the web site of sports teams of the gay, lesbian, and bisexual people that train and compete in sports.
Student - Information on student life of gay, lesbian, and bisexual people.
Travel - Travel and tourism information, cruises, destinations, lodging, tour operators, and travel agents who offer information specifically to the gay, lesbian, and bisexual traveler.
Workplace - Relating to safety and equality, professional careers at the job and workplace.
Youth - Relating to gay, bisexual, lesbian, and questioning youth/teenagers/young adults. Mailing lists, personal homepages, support, resources, information and advice.

Genealogy

Adoption - This category is for sites dealing with genealogy and adoption issues.
Chats and Forums - Contains sites for general genealogy related chat, discussion forums, and message boards.
Directories - Contains sites which serve as general directories of genealogy resources available online.
Heraldry - Contains sites which concern the study and art of heraldry and heraldic coats of arms. Commercial services and retail sites are not listed here and should be submitted to Top: Society: Genealogy: Products and Services: Heraldry .
Immigration - The topic of Immigration is devoted to resources that assist one in learning when and where their ancestors entered a new country. A primary source of information was the Passenger Arrival Records that were generated on board ship. Naturalization Records can sometimes also provide this information.
Magazines and E-zines - Contains sites for magazines, ezines, and other periodicals concerned with genealogy which offer free substantial content online. Sites for commercial periodicals with limited or subscriber-only content available should be submitted to Society/Genealogy/Products_and_Services/Newsletters/
Medical - Contains sites which offer medically related genealogy information.
Military - Contains sites with military related genealogy content, including troop rosters and service records.
Obituaries - Contains sites which either list or access obituaries used for genealogy purposes online. This category does not contain individual daily newspaper obituary pages.
Organizations - Genealogical organizations around the world.
Personal Pages - Sites which concern the collected family history of individuals or related surnames, rather than either a specific surname or geographic area . Please find the appropriate alphabetical page; there may be a sub-category specifically for the name. Many names have a variety of spellings, so it might be worth checking more than one sub-category. Generally speaking, we create a sub-category for an individual name when there are a few sites in the directory - but if you wish to be the Editor of a sub-category for a family name, two sites is enough! Apply, or write to an existing Editor for advice - just click on the Editor's name
Products and Services - Contains sites which offer genealogy-specific commercial services or products.
Religions
Resources - Resources for genealogists who use computers in the pursuit of their research. Sites listed here will feature online searchable databases, research tools, and other sites of interest to computer genealogists.
Reunions - Contains sites which offer information on family reunions.
Royalty - Contains sites concerning the genealogy of royalty and nobility in various countries.
Surnames - Sites which are each devoted to the history and etymology of a particular Family Name and its spelling variations, as opposed to sites devoted to the genealogy and history of individual or family lineages. For indiviual lines and families, please see Society/Genealogy/Personal_Pages
Web Rings - Sites should be webrings dealing with genealogy.

Government

Companies Registries - Office of the Registrar of Companies, maintaining the registry of companies of a given country, state, or region. Registration with the office is the usual method of forming an incorporated company.
Embassies and Consulates - Information on embassies around the world.
Finance
General - The government sector: resources related to the "business" of governing, sites of and about world and interregional governing bodies, and links to "government" categories elsewhere in the Open Directory.
Government-Related Organizations - This category is about organizations formed by governments (at all levels: national, state, provincial, municipal), government officials, legislators, and parliamentarians to work together in pursuit of common goals or to advance their skills/abilities in the "business" of government.
Intelligence
Multilateral - Multilateral governance is the process of establishing and regulating norms among sovereign states. The institutions of multilateral government represent the backbone of international cooperation, providing fora where world leaders may discuss current issues, where international law may be developed, and/or where states may coordinate joint operations.
Parliament

History

Academic Departments - This category is intended for the sites of programs of study and academic departments of history at three- or four-year colleges and universities. Generally, only departments whose main language of instruction is English are listed here, although some departments which do not teach in English, but which have English language websites, will also be listed. See the relevant "see also" listings (or browse the World categories) for departments teaching in other languages.
By Region
By Time Period
By Topic
Conferences - Sites serving conferences, congresses, and other scholarly meetings of historians and related professionals.
Education - good reference sites for K-12 students for history/social studies classes and research
General - History, in brief, is the humanity which explains the human condition based on the chronological record of significant events and their related causes.
Historians - Sites and categories for individuals now or formerly engaged in the professional and scholarly study of history.
Historical Personages
Journals and Forums
Multimedia - Contains audio and visual recordings of events in history.
On This Day in History
Organizations - Organization devoted to history.
Timelines - Sites with lists of chronological events which are themed by topic or geographic region or both.

Holidays

Anti-Holidays - Sites listed in this category discourage holiday celebrations. Objections may be humorous or serious.
April Fool's Day - April Fool's Day comes on April 1st of every year. It is a day for fooling people with tricks and jokes. Sites listed in this category reflect an adult perspective on the holiday, including history, cultural significance, and celebrations.
Arbor Day - The sites listed in this category provide information about Arbor Day including its historical background, significance, and suggestions for celebration. Arbor Day is celebrated in all 50 U.S. states and in most provinces of Canada. The actual date of Arbor Day varies from state-to-state due to climate. The most common common date is the last Friday in April.
Bastille Day - On July 14, 1789, a crowd of angry citizens stormed the Bastille, a fortress prison they saw as a symbol of the aristrocracy's oppressing the people of Paris. That assault began the French Revolution and marked the begining of the end of an empire for King Louis XVI. Bastille Day was declared a national holiday of France in 1880. Today, France still celebrates its independence from tyranny on July 14.
Birthdays - Sites listed in this category focus on celebrating birthdays. Sites may include historical information, customs around the world, birthdays of famous people, party planning tips, songs and game ideas, and celebration suggestions.
Boxing Day - Boxing Day is celebrated Dec. 26 in most of the Commonwealth of Nations, including England, Wales, parts of Canada and other countries. Sites in this category should be general information. Shopping sites should go to appropriate categories in Shopping and local festivities should be placed in Regional.
Calendars and Lists - Sites listed in this category feature holiday calendars, lists of holidays sorted by religion or region, and/or searchable databases of holidays. Holidays include patriotic and cultural celebrations, as well as other special occasions such as birthdays. Sites created especialy for children may be found in /Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations .
Canada Day - Canada Day is celebrated July 1. Sites listed in this category include on its history, cultural significance, and celebrations. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans. Sites especially for children are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/ .
Christmas - This category lists entertaining and interesting non-commercial sites that focus primarily on secular celebrations of Christmas. Sites are appropriate for visitors of all ages, but geared primarily toward adult audiences. Sites that focus on the religious aspects of the holiday are listed in A HREF "http://dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Calendar/Christmas/">Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Calendar/Christmas</A>. Sites especially for children should be submitted to <A HREF "http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Christmas/">Kids & Teens: People & Society: Holidays & Celebrations: Christmas</A>.
Cinco de Mayo - Observed the fifth day of May, Cinco de Mayo marks the victory of the Mexican Army over the French at the Battle of Puebla in 1862. All Cinco de Mayo sites included in this category are in English. Sites in Spanish are listed in World/Español . Sites which provide content related to Cinco de Mayo in both English and Spanish may be listed in both this category and an appropriate sub category of World/Español .
Columbus Day - Celebrated the second Monday of each October, Columbus Day commerates Columbus's Oct. 12, 1492 landing in the New World. Columbus Day is a legal holiday in the United States.
Day of the Dead - This Mexican holiday, called Día de los Muertos in Spanish, represents a rich blend of Catholic and indigenous traditions. Celebrated the same time as All Saints Day and All Souls Day, it's a time for families to feast, exchange stories and memories, and remember loved ones who have past away. Though preparations begin in mid-October, the festival officially takes place Nov. 1-2. Sites especially for children may be found in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Columbus_Day/ .
Diwali - This category lists pages and sites that tell about the Hindi festival of Diwali. Marking the start of the Hindu New Year, Diwali is celebrated for a period of 5 days each year. It always ends the 15th day of Hindu month of Ashwin, which falls somewhere in the months of October or November on the traditional calendar.
Earth Day - Most people observe Earth Day on April 22. Other people observe it on March 21, the Vernal Equinox, or on June 6, World Environment Day. Still others choose to observe Earth Week or Earth Month, instead of limiting the observance to a single day. Whenever people may choose to celebrate, Earth Day/Week/Month is a time to celebrate the world in which we live, to commit to protecting our fragile planet, and to look for ways we can improve our communities. The Earth Day sites listed in this category are appropriate for viewers of all ages. Site specifically created for children and teens are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Earth_Day/ .
Easter - Sites listed in this category focus on non-religious celebrations of Easter. They are suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adults. Listings provide information on the holiday's history, symbols, cultural significance, and celebrations around the world. Sites designed primarily for children are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Easter/ . Sites that focus on the religious aspects of Easter are listed in Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Calendar/Easter .
Father's Day
Flag Day - Celebrated June 14, Flag Day is a day for U.S. citizens to honor their country's flag. Flag Day was first observed in a Wisconsin school on June 14, 1885. The teacher who initiated the first Flag Day observance launched a national campaign, which spurred schools and cities around the nation to begin similar observances. In 1949, President Truman signed a proclamation declaring June 14th of each year as National Flag Day. Sites listed in this category focus on the history and observance of Flag Day. Sites which focus on the U.S. Flag, but not Flag Day, are more appropriately listed in Reference/Flags/Regional/USA . Sites designed especially for children are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Flag_Day/ .
Fourth of July - Sites listed in this category reflect on the Fourth of July, including its history, cultural significance, and celebrations. Sites especially for children are listed in Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Fourth_of_July.
General - Sites listed in this category explore holidays from a general perspective--i.e. photography, why people celebrate, discussion forums related to holidays in general, and so forth. Sites that provide holiday-specific information for multiple holidays are listed in the Holiday Pages sub cat. Sites that focus on a single holiday are listed in corresponding sub categories. Sites created especialy for children may be found in Home/Kids/Society/Holidays. Holidays include patriotic and cultural celebrations, as well as other special occasions such as birthdays. Sites which focus primarily on the religious aspects of holidays are listed in Society/Religion/Faiths_and_Beliefs/Christianity/Holidays_and_Observances.
Grandparents Day - This category lists pages and sites about Grandparents Day. The holiday occurs the first Sunday after Labor Day each September. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter proclaimed Grandparents Day an annual observance in the United States.
Graphics - Sites listed in this category provide free graphics including images, backgrounds, borders, bars, icons, and screensavers for holidays.
Groundhog Day - Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Groundhog Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans. Sites especially for children are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/ .
Guy Fawkes Day - This category lists sites about Guy Fawkes Day, celebrated in England each year on November 5. On this date in 1605, a group of Roman Catholics, led by Guy Fawkes, unsuccessfully attmepted to blow up the House of Parliament in what became known as the Gunpowder Plot.
Halloween - Halloween is a secular holiday celebrated on October 31st. It has been influenced by both the Catholics and the Pagans. However, it is not to be confused with All Saint's Day or with Samhain which can both be found elsewhere in the directory. Reference here may refer to witchs with pointy hats or other Halloween myths. It is mostly a site of fun sites, although some sites with historical information or religious reactions to the holiday will be found in subcategories. For information on the religious celebration of Samhain, see Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Pagan/Wicca/Sabbats/Samhain . All Saint's Day can be found at Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Calendar/All_Saint's_Day .
Holi - Sites may include the history, cultural significance, or rememberances of the Indian Festival of Colors, or Holi. Sites may also feature activities suitable for home or classroom use. This Hindu holiday is celebrated on the day after the full moon in early March every year.
Holiday Pages - Sites listed in this category provide information related to a number of holidays. All sites reflect an adult or family perspective on holidays, rather than a strictly child's perspective. They may include the history, cultural significance, and contemporary celebrations of the holiday. Listings may include pages geared toward parents and teachers, such as suggested activities for families and holiday lesson plans. Sites created especially for children and designed so that kids ages 3-13 can use them without adult help are listed at http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations .
Juneteenth - Juneteenth, or June 19, 1865, is considered the date when the last slaves in America were freed. For many African-Americans, it has come to symbolize what the Fourth of July symbolizes for all Americans ... freedom. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages. Sites provide material related to Juneteenth, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Kwanzaa - Kwanzaa is an African-American holiday. It begins on December 26 and lasts through January 1. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Kwanzaa, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans. Sites especially for children are listed in http://dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations .
Labor Day - A legal holiday in the United States, Labor Day is celebrated the first Monday in September. It is a day set aside to honor workers. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages. Sites provide material related to Labor Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Mardi Gras - Mardi Gras is one of the largest pre-lent festivals around. It's a French term that literally means "Fat Tuesday" and is always held on the Tuesday that proceeds Ash Wednesday. New Orleans hosts the largest Mardi Gras celebration and Rio De Janeiro hosts a similarly huge festival known as Carnaval. Many other cities around the world host their own Mardi Gras celebration. Sites listed in this category are suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Mardi Gras, including historical background, articles, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans. Sites especially for children are listed in Kids_and_Teens/People_and_Society/Holidays_and_Celebrations/Mardi_Gras/ .
Martin Luther King Jr. Day - Martin Luther King Jr. Day is a U.S. federal holiday celebrated the third Monday in January. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages. Sites provide material related to Martin Luther King Jr. Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
May Day - For sites about the May Day Holiday, including it's history and celebration.
Memorial Day - Memorial Day is a U.S. federal holiday celebrated the last Monday in May. Today, Memorial Day is observed in every country where American soldiers are buried. It is a day to honor those who have died defending America's freedom.
Midsummer - Midsummer, also known as the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year and the shortest night. The date of the summer solstice varies slightly from year to year. Midsummer is celebrated in certain European countries and in parts of North America. This category lists sites that focus on cultural celebrations of the holiday. Midsummer is also a Wiccan holiday. Sites that focus on the religious aspect of the holiday are listed in Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Pagan/Wicca/Online_Book_of_Shadows/Sabbats/MidSummer-Litha .
Mother's Day - The custom of setting aside a day to honor mothers can be traced all the way back to the days of Ancient Greece. In Victorian England, "Mothering Day" gave servants a day to go home and spend with their families. Today, people in different countries honor their mothers on different days. Since 1914, the second Sunday of May has been observed as Mother's Day in the U.S. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Mother's Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
New Year - Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to New Year's Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Online Games - Sites listed in this category provide free online games related to various holidays.
Parents' Day
Pongal - This category lists pages and sites related to the Hindu festival of Pongal. Celebrated in the southern portion of India, Pongal marks the withdrawal of the southeast monsoons as well as the reaping of the harvest. The festival lasts for four days.
Presidents' Day - Until 1971, the United States observed both February 12 and February 22 federal public holidays. On February 12, the nation honored the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, and on February 22, the nation honored the birthday of George Washington. In 1971 President Richard Nixon issued a proclamation establishing Presidents' Day, a single federal public holiday, which woud honor all presidents of the United States of America. Presidents' Day is observed on the 3rd Monday of February. Sites included in this category focus on observances of Presidents' Day. Specific information about George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, or other U.S. presidents is available in linked categories.
Sadie Hawkins Day - Not a typical holiday, Sadie Hawkins Day was the invention of cartoonist Al Capp. Capp invented a day in fictional Dogpath, U.S.A., when unmarried women could chase the man they wanted to marry. If caught, the bachelors would have to walk down the aisle. A modified version of Sadie Hawkins Day, one in which women asked men for a date but didn't require their hands in marriage, was first celebrated on Wednesday, November 9, 1938. Today, it's usually celebrated on the Saturday that falls closest to that date. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Sadie Hawkins Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
St. Patrick's Day - During the fifth century, Patrick took the message of Christianity from his homeland to the country of Ireland. Before his death on March 17, 460, Patrick planted more than 2,000 churches in the nation. A few centuries later, he was named the patron saint of Ireland. Today, people around the world celebrate March 17 as St. Patrick's Day. For some, especially in Ireland, the day is observed as a religious holiday. Most, however, simply celebrate the rich heritage and traditions of Ireland by wearing green, dancing a jig, and plucking a shamrock or two. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to St. Patrick's Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Thanksgiving - Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Thanksgiving Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Valborg - Sites listed in this category reflect an adult perspective on the holiday, including history, cultural significance, or rememberances. Sites may also feature activities suitable for home or classroom use. Also known as Walpurgis Night and St. Valborg's Mass Eve, this holiday is celebrated on April 30. Valborg is celebrated in memory of Valborg/Walpurgis/Wealdburg/Valderburger who was made a saint on the 1st of May 779; however, the the spring festivities are inherited from the Pagan festivities with huge bonfires. Valborg is today celebrated without parallels to the Christian church or religion.
Valentine's Day - February 14th is the day for romance, hugs and kisses. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Valentine's Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Veterans Day - Veteran's Day is a U.S. federal holiday celebrated on Nov. 11, the anniversary of the armistice that ended World War I. Sites listed in this category should be suitable for visitors of all ages, but designed primarily for adult visitors. Sites provide material related to Veteran's Day, including historical background, holiday stories and poems, graphics, and ideas for celebrating. Sites may also provide information for parents and teachers, such as suggested family activities and lesson plans.
Web Rings - Sites listed in this category serve as homepages for holiday web rings.

Issues

Abortion - This category contains sites dealing with abortion. The terms "pro-life" and "pro-choice" are used for subcategories because that is how each group refers to itself. They are defined as follows: Pro-Choice: Believing that abortion is a right and should be legal under most or all circumstances. Usually implies a belief that the human fetus has no rights, or greatly abridged ones. Pro-Life: Believing that abortion is a violation of the rights of the pre-born child. Usually implies a belief that abortion should be illegal under most or all circumstances. In addition, there are some relatively neutral sites which are not placed in either category. ODP may not discriminate based on an individual's or organization's creed. However, sites directly advocating violence lose their First Amendment protections and should not be listed.
Animal Welfare - Animal welfare issues deal with various aspects of the treatment and wellbeing of individual animals.
Apathy - Sites that discuss, counter or argue about the alleged apathy in the rich, western nations.
Business - We welcome links related to Corporate Operations which (1) Generate concerns about its effect upon Society, (2) which raise concerns about corporation's effects on society or her issues, and (3) seek to address or enlighten the public about corporate operations. Why? Because corporations, especially multinational ones, have become so powerful. Therefore, even ones which wish to exercise no harm, may still do so. This category is intended to go beyond verbalizations to include "other senses," such as murals, dramatizations, and any effective communication about or within the realm of Corporate Operations . Sites devoted to promotion of Corporations may be included only to the extent that they are relevant to addressing the topic here.. Activist information about Corporate Operations may be included. We seek balance and fairness. We wish to hear from all points of view. As sites submitted to Society/Issues/Corporate Operations enlarges, we expect to have sub categories on Nonprofits, Nationalization, Multinationals, Overcharging, and so on.
Chats and Forums
Children, Youth and Family - Please see the many subcategories of Children here in Society/Issues.
Church-State Relations - This category includes sites concerning the appropriate relationship between Church and State in their multivariate intersections in civil society. In the United States, questions on religion and government focus on the two religion-related clauses of the First Amendment to the Constitution: Congress is forbidden from placing restrictions on the free exercise of religion, but is also forbidden from creating an established, or state, religion. Differing interpretations of these clauses result in such widely known disputes as those over prayer in public schools, Nativity creches on public property, use of public funds to send children to sectarian schools, the right to practice by wearing certain headgear or using certain substances, and so on.
Conferences
Conspiracy - Sites, links and content about conspiracy.
Crime and Justice - Societal issues related to the punishment of crime (prison management, prison reform, capital punishment) and the prevention and prosecution of crime. Listings related to particular types of crime generally belong in other categories.
Directories
Disabilities - This category contains sites about disability controversies, issues, advocacy, discrimination, abuse, and legal topics.
Economic - Economic issues relate to the control, dispersal or use of goods and services within a country, region, or among nations.
Education - Society: Issues: Education is intended for websites dealing with public issues related to education: access to education, financing of education, government control of schools, legislation, policy, news, etc. Sites specifically intended for students or teachers, or with a classroom focus, should be submitted to the appropriate subcategory of Reference: Education . Subcategories of Society:Issues:Education and cross-linked categories include Bilingual Education, Education Reform, Home Schooling, Literacy, School Choice (vouchers, etc.), Sex Education, and Church-State Relations:Public Schools. (As of 6 April 1999.)
End-of-Life - End of Life issues in society have to do with whether death occurs "naturally," the quality of life near death, and who determines and who chooses among the alternatives for living or dying near the end of one's life.
Environment - Any issue which concerns the ecological and human environment - this covers everything from local transport pollution to the destruction of the ozone layer.
Family Planning - Sites about societal issues related to family planning. The abortion issue is covered in Society:Issues:Abortion. Information about birth control is in Health:Reproductive Health:Birth Control. The sub-category "Organizations" lists institutional organizations' sites.
Fraud - In law, fraud is intentional deception to cause a person to give up property or some lawful right. Fraud as more generally defined is deceit, trickery or cheating. This category is intended more for the legal description of fraud but may involve human rights or other issues which may or may not have any monetary or economic concerns.
Gambling - Sites which discuss the legal, economic, and social impacts of gambling, and/or which argue for the legalization, illegalization, or regulation of gambling in its various forms, including casino gaming, lotteries, sweepstakes, and betting.
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual - Issues about being, becoming gay, lesbian or bisexual; about the effects the larger society has upon gay, lesbian or bisexual individuals or groups; and the concerns of, for, and about the individuals or groups in the minority.
General - This category links to sites dealing with every kind of social and political issue and controversy. If you do not see the category where you think your site belongs, browse in the alphabet bar at the top of the page, or suggest the creation of a new subcategory.
Global - These political, social, economic and environmental issues are of concern to all nations - but, unlike national issues, are perceived to fall outside of nations' powers to deal with effectively alone.
Government Operations - Issues related to how governments are run, including accountability to the people, government corruption, public sector ethics, campaign finance, secrecy (and freedom of information), civil service reform, and government acquisition and retention of lands.
Gun Control - Links neutral or covering both sides of the issue. Be careful before placing a site here. Most sites even if neutral belong in a sub-category.
Health
Housing
Human Rights and Liberties
Immigration - This category is intended for sites which deal with societal issues and controversies regarding immigration. Immigration-related controversies include the scope of and restrictions on immigration, immigration law reform, the status of asylum-seekers, the means to control or discourage illegal immigration, the rights and privileges of aliens contrasted with those of citizens, and questions of culture, assimilation, and language.
Intellectual Property - Pages or organizations which debating whether some or all "intellectual property" laws are unfair monopoly grants, not real private property like physical things.
Labor
Language - Sites concerning policies for the preservation or reform of language.
Multi-issue Publications - This category is for public policy news sites, magazines, newsletters or journals that cover multiple issues. Sites that cover a particular set of issues should be submitted to the appropriate issue subcategory. Personal multi-issue pages should be submitted to the Society/Issues/Personal_Multi-issues_Pages/ category.
Older Citizens
Online Issues Polls
Peace - Inclusive of web sites that study, promote, argue about or discuss issues of peace.
Personal Multi-issues Pages - Home pages by individuals, not organizations, about more than one societal issue.
Policy Institutes - Policy institutes study a wide range public policy issues and topics; publish position papers; conduct conferences on public policy topics; etc. Their web sites are often good sources of information and opinion on public issues. Some policy institutes are nonpartisan, particularly if they are associated with universities, but most have a particular point of view. Institutes in this category cover the full range of the political spectrum.
Poverty - Issues raised by the problem of poverty, responses to poverty by society, examples, concerns and problems of poverty in the modern world.
Property Rights - Issues related to property owners' rights, particularly in relationship to the actions of governments such as eminent domain, regulatory takings and civil asset forfeiture.
Race-Ethnic-Religious Relations - A variety of subjects on Race-Ethnic-Religious Relations.
Regional
Science and Technology - The issues raised by modern science and technology
Secession - Movements for political separation from one sovereign country to form a new one. More generally, movements that seek greater regional or local autonomy. Separatist movements often strive for degrees of home rule that are politically more feasible than, or stepping-stones towards, full independence; so it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to draw a line between the two kinds.
Survivalism - Survivalism is being prepared for the unexpected, especially when the unexpected may threaten your life. Sites within this category help those who wish to be prepared. This may include information, equipment, publications, or anything that is for the express purpose of allowing people to survive certain or general situations.
Terrorism - Terrorism: Covers all aspects of terrorism. Including government sponsored, groups, individual.
Transportation - Transportation, whether you like it or not, is one of the "driving" forces that alters lives, cultures, and the landscape. If you walk, swim, ride, drive or fly then you should be interested in this integral aspect of your life.
Violence and Abuse - Sites that deal with the issues of violence or abuse in our society, including violence against individual people or classes of people, violence in certain places, and the study of violence and violent behavior as well as non-violent forms of abuse such as psychological abuse or neglect.
Warfare and Conflict

Law

Conferences - Conferences relating to the law, primarily for legal professionals.
Courts
Education
Employment
Law Enforcement - This category is intended to reflect links to bona-fide law enforcement agencies or links to sites whose primary purpose is to offer support or services to law enforcement agencies. Private security type agencies and services should be submitted to the appropriate category under Business/Industries/Security/.
Law Libraries - This category lists law libraries throughout the United States. Although many law libraries are affiliated with universities (i.e. George Mason University), some of these useful institutions are public (i.e. Los Angeles County Law Library). Since many of the law libraries are affiliated with universities, you will find a link to the parent law school. Many of the law library web sites are connected to a DRA or TAOS system that allows the user to search for publications in a traditional card catalog fashion.
Legal Information - The primary purpose of sites included in this category is the provision of legal information to the public and to legal practitioners at no cost. Much of the information contained in this category is from publishers and commercial providers. [Note: If you are looking for an attorney rather than legal information, you should look under the category Society: Law: Attorneys and Law Firms .] If you cannot find the information that you need in Society: Law: Legal Information, you may find it in the Society: Law: Reference category, which is a repository for sites that contain official legal reference materials.
News and Media
Organizations - Legal organizations, such as bar associations, associations of lawyers and other legal professionals engaged in a specific practice area of law. Generally, organizations in this category offer professional support, networking, education and membership to other legal professionals as opposed to providing legal services directly to the public.
Products
Reference - This category is intended solely as a repository for sites that contain official legal reference materials, and any form of legal advertising or commercial promotion is unwelcome in this category. If you are an attorney and are looking for a forum to market your services to consumers who are in need of legal advice, please submit your site to Society: Law: Attorneys and Law Firms or one of the subcategories therein.
Services - Consultants and service providers, providing services to legal professionals.

Lifestyle Choices

Childfree - "Childfree" is used to describe those who choose not to have children. Unlike the term childless, childfree indicates a positive, active decision to NOT reproduce. The pages listed here include personal views, political leanings, humorous anectdotes, support groups, and links to various writings on the subject. The associated newsgroups include alt.support.childfree and alt.support.childfree.moderated.
General - Categories and sites for alternate lifestyles, intentional and utopian communities, and specific practices.
Intentional Communities - An Intentional Community is an inclusive term for cohousing, residential land trusts, communes, student co-ops, urban housing cooperatives, and related projects for those who choose (i.e. "intend") to participate in them. That is, these communities are organized around a core set of values or belief systems to which their members adhere. Some groups may be utopian and others separatist in spirit, while others are designed to be models for mainstream society to observe and perhaps emulate. Eco-villages, communes and kibbutzes, and Biblical Christian reserves are among the types of communities to be found in this category.
Luddism - This category is composed of sites that relate to Neo-Luddism. In addition to sites dedicated to that lifestyle, it may contain sites that provide a historical or humorous perspective on this lifestyle.
Veganism - A vegan is a person who does not eat or buy any products made from animals. So, a vegan is a special type of vegetarian.
Vegetarianism
Voluntary Simplicity - Voluntary Simplicity is about making a conscious choice to act in a more sustainable and natural way. This is the category for sites relating to such a choice and its benefits and consequences. The term "Voluntary Simplicity" was coined by Duane Elgin, author of the book Voluntary Simplicity first published in 1981. It means adopting a simpler life-style by reducing our consumption in order to help conserve the earth's dwindling resources. Many feel that the simple life is less stressful and more fulfilling -- it's a way to reduce the number of hours spent working for pay and increase the time spent with children, friends, family or contribuing to the community. (credit due to thegarden.com for this bit of definition)

Military

Arts and Literature - Sites about arts and literature in the military genre.
Aviation - The operation, manufacture, development, and design of heavier-than-air aircraft, military airplanes, aircraft for or supported by the army, naval, or air forces.
Directories - Generic (non-country-specific) military directories and guides.
Educational and Academic
General
Image Galleries - Sites providing general image galleries related to military matters.
Land Forces - Sites relating to military land forces.
Multinational Forces
Naval - This category is for general information about types of naval vessels and pages that have information about ships of more than one country. Please submit ship homepages and organizational sites, both official and unofficial, to military categories of the respective country in Regional. For example, unofficial sites about any aspect of the United Kingdom Royal Navy belong in Regional: Europe: United Kingdom: Society and Culture: Military: Royal Navy - Unofficial Sites Pages about the U.S. Navy should be submitted to the appropriate subcategory in Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Military/Navy .
News and Media - Sites providing general military-related news.
POW-MIA - Prisoners of War - Missing In Action (POW-MIA) - Veteran & Civilian - if NOT for a specific war can be submitted to this category.
People
Recreational
Resources
Special Operations
Veterans - The Veterans category of the ODP offers English language websites with content by and for the veterans of the world's armed forces. A majority of the websites in this category are war veteran related, but websites with content for or by veterans that have never served in combat are also welcome to be submitted here.
Weapons and Equipment

Organizations

Advocacy
Animal Welfare - This category lists organizations and chapters concerned with animal welfare and the humane treatment of animals.
Chivalric - Contains sites dealing with Orders of Chivalry in all forms, including groups of knights joined in a monastic-style order, secular military orders and chivalric orders of merit.
Development
Directories - Directories of non-profit organizations.
Education - Organizations involved directly or indirectly in the education of youth or adults. This education is mainly in the 'traditional' sense-- reading, life skills, etc. Sites teaching how to ride horses or other rare skills probably will not be found here.
Ethnic
Fraternal - Fraternal organizations identify themselves as brotherhoods and/or sisterhoods, with lifetime memberships, shared ideals and principles, and ritualistic traditions. These organizations may be formed with different purposes, including social interaction, public service, or mutual benefit (such as financial services or insurance for members).
High Intelligence - Organizations dealing with High Intelligence.
Hobby Interests - Hobbyists like to get together with others of similar interests. This category is for clubs and organisations devoted to hobbies and avocational interests. Other categories of the Open Directory, such as Recreation and its subcategories, have more diverse information about the hobbies themselves.
Humanitarian - Humanitarian organizations - those involved in providing aid (e.g. provision of food, shelter, medical relief, disaster relief) and training for these services.
Lineage - Lineage societies are those founded by, and for the descendants of, noted ancestors who were primarily engaged in a historic event - such as a war or battle, the birth of a new state, country, or town, an immigration, or any other event that is heralded in the history books. The Society causes can be philanthropic, historical, genealogical, or educational; however, their objectives are generally to foster the memory and ideals of their ancestors for which the Society was founded. Historically, membership in a lineage society is limited to those of lineal blood descent to an ancestor acceptable to the Society. Membership in a Clan is offered to those bearing the same blood name as the clan or that of an accepted Sept; or those who have a proven ancestor who bore the clan name.
Local Currency Systems
Nonprofit Resources - General resources of interest to professionals in the non-profit/non-government sector. For example, sites might include tips, ideas, management, and commercial services. Related areas of the directory, such as fundraising or volunteer recruitment, are also linked.
Open Access - Organizations engaged in several initiatives for funding and promoting dissemination of knowledge, in particular access to scientific resources.
Professional - This category is for English language web sites of professional organizations and links to related categories for organizations and clubs of individual people in various professions.
Public Service
Regional - This category is intended for links to regional directories of organizations and links to ODP regional categories containing collections of organizations.
Self Improvement
Social
Student - Informational and educational web sites belonging to organizations by and for students at all levels.
Welfare

Paranormal

Bermuda Triangle - Sites about the paranormal phenomena in the Bermuda Triangle.
Chats and Forums - E-mail lists and web forums devoted to the Paranormal. Especially places where people may submit personal stories and experiences for others.
Crop Circles - Crops circles are geometric patterns, some very intricate and complex, appearing in fields, usually wheat fields and usually in England. Some crop circles may be due to pranksters. Some people believe that crop circles are messages from aliens trying to communicate with us.
Directories - The links contained in this category are to paranormal related pages that along with their own content, also must contain their own fair amount of related links. The topics of these links include, but aren't limited to; UFOs, ghosts, aliens, hauntings, ESP, time travel, Bigfoot, sea serpents, the Bermuda Triangle, witchcraft, demonology, psychics, crystal skulls, government cover ups, channeling, out of body and near death experiences, talking boards, and any other weird, strange, odd or bizarre happenings that cannot be explained away by science.
General - The paranormal deals with that which cannot be scientifically explained. Divination, ESP, Extraterrestrial Life, Psychic Powers, Magick, and other topics are covered here.
Ghosts
Magazines and E-zines
News and Media - Sites should containly material which is updated often if news. Radio, video and other media sites welcome.
Organizations - Here you will find organizations and research links for every type of paranormal website. Paranormal includes and is not limited to: Ghosts, UFO's, Crop Circles, and Metaphysical studies to briefly name a few.
Out of Body - An out of body experience is also known as astral projection. This takes place when the spirit/soul leaves the physical body behind to explore other planes of existence, or the physical plane without the body.
Personal Pages - Pages related to no particular aspect of the paranormal or supernatural; owned by individuals, not organizations or companies.
Prophecies - This category contains sites dealing with predictions of the future, that are not strongly connected with specific religions. Pages about specifically religious prophecies are listed under /Society/ReligionProphecies .
Psychic - A guide to the various subcategories: READINGS are pages from individuals or companies who host psychic readings; PERSONAL PAGES AND EXPERIENCES list the sites of those who have had psychic experiences; HEALERS do not perform readings but rather physical healings; ENTERTAINERS is pretty self-explanatory.
UFOs - Sites pertaining to aliens and UFOs (unidentified flying objects.)

People

Baby Boomers - The post-war generation now of retirement age. Sites for, about and by baby boomers. Reunion sites should be submitted the the appropriate Regional/ category - usually the locality in which the school or college is found.
College Life - This is a collection of web pages created by college students, professors and alumni. Sites in this category should be about the college experience. If your site is about general life, your dog, your hobbies or other topics not related to your college experience, please submit them elsewhere. You might try Personal Homepages . Sites do not necessarily need to be hosted on the University server, but MUST be about the author's life at college.
Cowboys - Sites dedicated to the cowboy way of life. For homepages of self-proclaimed cowboys, information about cowboy groups and the lifestyle. Magazines Museums Poetry Webrings
Expatriates - This category is for the listing of resources available to and for expatriates.
Furry - Somewhere between the boundries of Human and Animal lie the realms of Anthropormorphic critters (or what "we" call furry critters) here you can find all sorts of information about furries and even find some personal web pages.
Generation X - The term 'Generation X' appears to have come into common use following the book of the same name by Canadian novelist Douglas Coupland, although it was also the name of Billy Idol's '70s punk-pulp band. The term loosely describes the entire post-baby boom generation, particularly those who grew up in the 1980s - a generation for which parental divorce, diminished job expectations, and new technology were common themes. Similar terms include 'twentysomethings' and 'thirtysomethings'. This category is for sites which deal with Generation Xers as people - this may include, but is not limited to, sites about Gen X culture, lifestyles, philosophies and interests. Personal pages should be submitted to the appropriate letter category of Society/People/Personal_Homepages .
Lefthanders - About being left-handed, people who are left-handed, and handedness in general. Sites offering products designed for use by the left-handed are listed in Shopping/Niche/Left-Handed_Products/ .
Men - Resources for men, about men and most often provided by men. Gatherings of men, social and political issues controversies about men and their rights, men's publications, etc.
Missing People - Society/People/Missing_People is for sites providing general information and assistance to friends and families of missing persons. It includes databases of missing persons, lost friends and relatives as well as links to cross-reference directories and other potential sources of information and services for tracing missing persons.
Namesakes - For sites about people who share the same name. For histories of a particular name. If you are looking for Geneology related sites, please go to Society: Genealogy .
Otherkin - The Otherkin are those people who believe themselves to be spiritually and/or physically other than human. While mythological species (elves, satyrs, fairies, dragons, and so on) are widely accepted as being included under the term "Otherkin", many people in the community prefer to include aliens, vampires, furries, extraterrestrial humans, and other nonhuman races. From: http://kinhost.org/res/Otherfaq.html#8_2
Pen Pals - Pages and services for penpals through email, snail mail or other. People wanting to make friends around the world or just around the block. Most of the sites listed are free to use. This is not for dating or marriage services. Please add those sites to: Society: Relationships: Internet Dating
Personal Homepages - Would you like to become an editor of Personal Homepages? We're looking for volunteers who are eager to contribute to this rapidly growing category of the Open Directory Project. Please sign up for a letter of the alphabet and contribute! Guidelines For Submitting Sites Into Society: People: Personal Homepages We list web sites by the first letter of your last name or the first letter of your handle/screen name. For example, if your name is Jane Doe, you would submit your site to the "D" category because your last name begins with the letter "D". ONLY personal homepages belong here. Please submit your web site to the appropriate sub-category! The Title Should be your name, handle or screen name Do not type in all caps Do not include a list of keywords The Description Should be in English and in sentence form A Maximum of 30 words Do not submit your web site's history, it is not relevant Do not submit a list of keywords Do not use caps Do not include HTML tags Your site will be reviewed by an editor at which time they will determine whether it belongs in the category you submitted it to. Due to the high number of submissions to this category if you submit to the wrong place, an editor may not take the time to relocate it to a more appropriate one. Note: The Open Directory Project is not like other directories or search engines. Our goal is to provide visitors with high quality web sites, not necessarily a high quantity. If your web site does not meet our basic standards it will not be entered into the directory.
Redheads - Everything regarding redheads and those who love them (except the triple x stuff).
Requesting Help - Pages of individual people or families, not organizations, making a personal appeal for help, usually for money, but possibly for a bone marrow donor or something similar. These can be people who have been hurt by diseases, natural disasters, family crises, or simply poverty. The Open Directory can not guarantee that any appeals listed in this category are genuine or legitimate. Some may be, some may not be.
Seniors - For pages for, about or by people over fifty years old.
Streetkids - Recently my friend Kingsley wrote to me: "Tell them that if we have street children, it is because we are poor. Tell them we have extended family systems that can absorb neglected kids, but the extended families have been crushed because of the hard economic conditions. But whatever the economic climate of any country, children are innocent. They have no politics, no economics but an instinct to cleave for love. A child is nursed at the breast of love. If he is to grow, he must be fed on love as a plant feeds on spring rains. But the child has been cheated of love, so he has left home where there is no love to join other loveless in the street. State to them one simple truth -- that these are children, and a child has claims on the hearts of all the world."
Women - Resources for women, about women, and most often provided by women. Women in business, women's groups, clubs and societies, women who want to chat, women's email lists and magazines, women's spirituality and issues and culture are found here. Also resources for wives, mothers, widows and every woman in between.
Youth - Somewhere between childhood and maturity is a period of being young. There are several issues and points of view unique to this age. The Open Directory Project contains several categories within the topical categories with information for this group. This category is a collection of them, as well as categories for children, kids, teens, and other terms used to define people who haven't reached maturity.

Philanthropy

Cause Related Shopping
Free Donations - This category is for web sites that give ways for people to donate to charities or causes without them having to spend their own money to do so. It gives people a way to direct funds that have been made available otherwise.
General - Broadly defined, philanthropy is goodwill to mankind as demonstrated by the readiness to promote human welfare. The Philanthropy category in this directory provides an overview of the philanthropic sector, including guides and directories and methods of giving.
Gifts in Kind - Gifts in kind programmes which donate useful items instead of, or in addition to, money.
Grants - Includes commercial and non-commercial sites which provide grant writing or grant finding assistance, or offer grant resource material.
Venture Philanthropy - Venture capitalists investing in social improvement projects.
Volunteering - This category is devoted to resources for volunteers and volunteer management-- the knowledge, skill, and resources that make up the profession of volunteer program management. These links provide access to the most useful web sites for effective volunteerism and volunteer development and management.

Philosophy

Academic Departments - University and college departments and institutes of philosophy, many of them offering advanced degrees in philosophy. Most sites have program descriptions, and links to faculty and other resources.
Academics - Professional Homepages of Academic Philosophers.
Chats and Forums - The search for wisdom through open debate. Sites submitted to this category should be in some way interactive and accommodate public discussion of a philosophical nature.
Chinese Philosophy
Conferences
Continental Philosophy
Current Movements - Many philosophical traditions of the past are now only studied in a historical manner. But philosophy is an ever-changing field, and responds to changes in society, religion, science, and technology. Current movements are all those philosophical movements, trends, schools of thought which are currently debated and pursued. Most of these their origins in the 20th century, although many ideas can of course be traced back to earlier philosophies.
Directories - Link collections, annotated directories, and search engines for philosophy and related areas.
Education - This category is devoted to the teaching of philosophy. It is supposed to provide resources for philosophy teachers, mostly at the college and university level, including sites on pedagogy in philosophy teaching, the teaching of particular subject areas, syllabi, handouts, etc. Philosophy sites which are of use mostly for students of philosophy, including online courses and course websites with substantial philosophical content should go in the most appropriate subcategory of Society/Philosophy.
Employment - Information about the job market in philosophy, job listings.
Epistemology - Epistemology, also known as the theory of knowledge, is that branch of philosophy concerned with the question of how and to what extent we do or can have knowledge. Several answers have been given, the most pessimistic being scepticism: we do not know anything. It is also more generally concerned with philosophical study of notions such as belief, rationality, and perception.
Ethics - Ethics is the study of what's right and wrong (the word "morality" has a very similar, if not identical meaning) - as in "Stealing is wrong", not as in "2+2 3 is wrong". As with other branches of philosophy, there is virtually nothing in ethics on which everyone agrees, not even the foundations.
History of Philosophy - Western philosophy has a long and varied history, dating back to the pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece. The category for history of philosophy is dedicated to sites and pages which deal with the history of philosophy in general or a separate period, rather than with a particular topic or a particular philosopher.
Humor
Journals - Individual academic journals on philosophy, and directories of journal websites.
Metaphysics - Metaphysics is a primary subject area in philosophy which investigates the nature, constitution, and structure of reality. It also deals with notions such as causation, time, modality (necessity and possibility), particulars and universals, and the relation of mind to body.
Online Texts - Resources and archives of academic philosophical writings, both historically and in recent times, including essays and dissertations.
Organizations - Organizations and associations related to philosophy.
Personal Pages - This category is for issues that do not fit in any of the other Philosophy categories. It is a home for those whose philosophical ideas do not fit comfortably into the mainstream.
Philosophers - This category includes sites with prominent philosophers as their subject, including biographical and bibliographical information, articles, interviews, electronic texts, mailing lists, and secondary literature.
Philosophy of Art - Philosophy of art, or aesthetics, is the branch of philosophy examining the nature of art and of the experience of art. Art, in this context, is broadly conceived as including the visual arts, literature, poetry, music, and dance.
Philosophy of Education
Philosophy of Language - Philosophy of language is the study of philosophical issues that arise due to the language based nature of discourse and argument. It is dominated by philosophical analysis, the branch of philosophy that occupies itself with what the structures of language tell us about the concepts we deploy in communicating. Philosophical analysis dates back to the Pre-Socratics , and was first made systematic in Aristotle's Organon, but it was with the revolutionary new developments in mathematical logic inaugurated by Frege that philosophical analysis assumed the central importance in philosophy that it does today. Analytical philosophy is the school of philosophy which ascribes most importance to the philosophy of language, and it is in analytical philosophy that the so-called `linguistic turn' took place: this is the idea that long standing controversies in philosophy about the nature of the world and of knowledge can be settled by attention to the use of the relevant concepts in language. But even outside analytical philosophy, philosophy of language is important: linguistic issues take centre stage in the philosophical hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer and in Derrida's Deconstruction, in phenomenology issues about privacy best formulated in linguistic terms are of crucial importance, whilst in cognitive science the debate about the nature of concepts revolves about matters of content that originated in the philosophy of language.
Philosophy of Logic
Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Religion - Philosophy of religion is that branch of philosophy devoted to the study of religious phenomena. It is mostly concerned with evaluating religious truth claims, e.g., claims regarding the existence, nature, and activities of God.
Philosophy of Science - The philosophy of science is concerned with the philosophical interpretation and study of the natural sciences, in particular, physics, biology, and mathematics.
Products and Services - Any sites which predominantly or exclusively provide information on commercial activities related to philosophy will be listed here. These include philosophical consulting services, booksellers, etc.
Reference - Collections of secondary articles on philosophy, like the Internet Encylcopedia of Philosophy and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, philosophical dictionaries, and the like.

Politics

Alternative Political Systems - Description Proposed systems for determining governance and/or policy which differ from and are offered as potential replacements for existing political systems.
Anarchism - Anarchism is a political theory which aims to create anarchy, "the absence of a master, of a sovereign." [P-J Proudhon, What is Property , p. 264] In other words, anarchism is a political theory which aims to create a society within which individuals freely co-operate together as equals. As such anarchism opposes all forms of hierarchical control - be that control by the state or a capitalist - as harmful to the individual and their individuality as well as unnecessary. From: An Anarchist FAQ ,
Campaigns and Elections - Links for subjects related to political campaigns and elections, including electoral and voting systems, campaign finance and election laws, professional campaign strategy and resources, and national and international popular election news.
Chats and Forums - Discussion forums / message boards on the subject of politics.
Christian Democracy - Adherents of Christian Democratic ideologies generally hold that the Christian faith provides the best mechanism for the creation of a just civil society, and that Christian concepts such as stewardship, communitarianism, social justice, and individual morality should be observed in the administration of public policy. Many movements in Europe attempted to meld religious action to political action, but true support did not arise until the late nineteenth century when modernism began to threaten the privileged place of the Church in Western society. Christian Democratic parties saw an explosion of growth in particular after the Second World War; they represented an alternative path resisting both the harsh oppression of secular fascism and communism and the extremes of individualism and materialistic capitalism. During the Cold War, many Christian Democratic parties became active not only in Europe but in other predominantly Christian nations around the globe. Although the specifically Christian tone of many of the major Christian Democratic parties has been muted in the later 20th century (and thus introduces confusion and electoral overlap with conservatives and social democrats alike), it nonetheless remains one of the major ideological strains in the world at large.
Civic Participation
Conservatism - Political conservatism is an orientation which holds that Man being fallible, tradition is an important transmitter of wisdom, and that maintenance of the established order with moderate reform is preferable to utopian idealism and revolutionary change. Conservatism is sometimes mischaracterized as mere resistance to change or modernity. For example, the Encyclopædia Britannica definition states "Conservatism: Political philosophy that emphasizes conserving as much as possible of the present economic, social, and political order." It must be added that this approach is stated in contrast to radical ones, in which the very principles or institutions conservatives assume to underlie a society are attacked. In practical political terms, conservatives may actually advocate substantial changes in policy or outlook to preserve such institutions or principles, although the specific positions held by the conservative party will vary from time to time and place to place. Just as conservative traditionalism contrasts with radicalism in the arena of social or political change, conservative realism contrasts with liberal rationalism. Conservatives holds that civilizations are complex and organic rather than reductive and mechanical, and that the judgment of a person or a school during a single lifetime is fallible and unreliable. Therefore, the instigation of new policy is fraught with the danger first, of unintended consequences that undermine society, and second, of fallacy. Conservatism is frequently at odds with ideology, technocracy, and theories which favor imposed change. Conservatives have existed as long as there has been tradition to conserve, but as a philosophy, conservatism is most commonly traced to the Irish-born Edmund Burke . His seminal work Reflections on the Revolution in France contrasted the radical and bloody French Revolution-- which sought to completely rebuild society from its foundations-- with the American Revolution, which maintained the preexisting social and economic systems, and most political systems, even amidst the expulsion of the sovereign power.
Consultants
Democracy - Literally "rule by the people," democracy is a system of government in which the candidates or policies which garner the widest support of the populace (usually measured by direct voting) are adopted. In addition to theoretical considerations of democratic government and competing democratic systems, this category also includes organizations and resources on subjects such as democracy-building and enlivening debate in democratic societies.
Directories - This category was created to provide the average citizen with resources which would allow them to more fully participate in the political process. This category should not be considered a clearinghouse for individual or group political philosophies or manifestos.
Fascism - Fascism is essentially characterized by three themes (in various forms and proportions): ethnic particularism (national or racial), combined with some sort of radical economic "third way" opposed to both Marxist socialism and free-market capitalism, and a revolutionary, anti-democratic political program.
Federalism and Devolution - "Federalism" refers to the regionalization and localization of governance within a state, i.e. distribution of power to the constituent governments away from the central government.
Global Governance
Green - Green politics' core values are ecological sustainability, and direct democracy. A future which is not sustainable is no future at all, and a political system where people have poor executive power will not reflect their wishes. Greens are also committed to fairness and non-violence. We seek to build a society in which everyone has a stake, in harmony with the environment.
Humor - Since there have been political leaders there has been political humor. Like all humor some is crass, some is mean and some is insightful. Not all of those who poke fun at the world of politics are as clever as Dr. Swift or Mark Russell. They all have something to say, though. Sometimes they are cutting right to the heart of an issue in a way that would be far more difficult or far less interesting without a punchline. Though internet humor can be as silly as the photocopy fodder that proceeded it, we all want to see the form raised above that level. The sites that are pointed out as being the best all manage to raise the bar somehow. No effort is being made to single out folks with whom the editor agrees. As long as it is clever and makes a point, we hope you will find a site to be worth a visit.
Liberalism - The word liberalism is derived from the Latin liber , free. As the name indicates, liberalism is traditionally a political ideology emphasizing the personal liberty of each individual, including freedom of thought, conscience, religion, opinion, expression, assembly, association, movement, enterprise, occupation, contract, etc. which the state should not violate, except to protect the rights of others. Classical liberalism emerged first in the seventeenth century Europe, and was represented during the following centuries by such thinkers as John Locke, Voltaire, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Beside personal liberty, classical liberalism also advocated economical liberty, the right of property, capitalism and free markets. In the beginning of the twentieth century, however, the meaning of the word liberalism became altered in North America. The New Liberalism demanded a much stronger role of state in protecting personal liberty and social justice, in expense of economical liberty. This variant of liberalism is also known as welfare liberalism or social liberalism or liberal egalitarianism. Its most famous theorists include American philosophers John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin and British economist John Maynard Keynes. As the default meaning of the word liberal changed in North America, began the American classical liberals call their philosophy libertarianism or market liberalism. Its most notable modern representatives include Austrian economists Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich von Hayek, American economist Milton Friedman and American philosopher Robert Nozick. In Europe and other parts of the world liberalism usually still refers to its more or less classical meaning. Therefore a liberal encountered in Europe more likely supports free market, and a liberal in America more likely defends welfare state. The former would be called a libertarian in America, the latter a social liberal or a social democrat in Europe. In most other languages than English the word liberalism refers almost solely to the free market variant of the word. Because of the varying meanings of the word Liberalism this category is divided to two subcategories, Social Liberalism, which refers to the meaning of liberalism more common in North America, and Libertarianism, which refers to the meaning of liberalism more common in Europe and other parts of the world.
Lobbying
Monarchy
Nationalism - Nationalism is the belief that nationality is the proper focus of political identity and that the nation-state is the proper focus of political loyalty. This sentiment expresses itself variously in separatist movements, which advocate political self-determination for people of a certain cultural heritage (primarily language); in irredentist claims on territories historically or ethnically belonging to the nation; and in movements to save the national identity from being diluted or altered by immigration. Nationalism can fall on the right, left or center of the political spectrum. Generally, left-wing nationalists are of the "national liberation" variety. Right-wing nationalists aim to prevent the loss of national sovereignty to supranational entities such as the European Union, and to prevent the loss of national identity through mass immigration. However, there are exceptions, and there can be right-wing national-liberation movements, or left-wing nationalist movements in existing nation states.
Organizations - Organizations related to politics and the public policy process.
Parties - Political parties work to establish or promote particular theories or principles of government, specifically by recruiting and organizing support for candidates for public office. This category contains links to political parties of every stripe around the world. Parties are sorted according to their regional editors' systems, owing to the variety of party and government systems from nation to nation. Sites devoted to an internationally structured party, such as the Natural Law Party or Green Party, or with common international historical or ideological ties, such as Christian Democrats or Socialists, may also be grouped together at this level, along with international directories of political parties.
Personal Pages - Political commentary, links, essays, rants, etc. which represent the personal views of individuals or small groups. Should be of an amateur nature (no professional journalists or politicians). No-official campaign or commercial pages.
Revolution
Socialism

Relationships

Advice - This category is for websites that provide relationship advice. Sites in this category generally provide a combination of advice in the areas of love, romance, dating, families, and marriage. For sites that offer advice in a specific area, please see the following: Dating advice  Society/Relationships/Advice/Dating Advice   Online dating advice Society/Relationships/Internet Dating/Advice   General "life" advice Society/Advice    Sexuality advice Sexuality/Advice    Mail order bride advice Society: Relationships: Internet Dating: International Introduction Services: Guides and Directories Guidelines for Submitting Sites Following these guidelines will allow us to add your site to the directory quickly. If your site deals with a combination of relationship areas Society/Relationships/Advice is the proper category. If your site deals mainly with dating advice ,  please submit it to: Society/Relationships/Advice/Dating Advice If your site deals specifically with internet dating , please submit it to: Society/Relationships/Internet Dating/Advice If your site deals advice about life in general,  please submit it to: Society/Advice  If your site deals advice about sexuality , please submit it to: Sexuality/Advice  If your site offers advice about the process of mail order brides ( must not offer any introduction services ), please submit it to: Society: Relationships: Internet Dating: International Introduction Services: Guides and Directories  Sites will NOT be placed in multiple categories. General Guidelines:  Find the single most appropriate category for your site. (With few exceptions, sites are listed in the directory in one category only.) Submit your site using your main url. Use your site's actual title. Create a brief description. (under 25 words) Do not use first person verbiage (we, our, us). Don't bother using marketing verbiage. (Ie. We're the best!, Check us out!!!, guaranteed to work, etc. ) Marketing verbiage is removed. Sites which are gateways or splash pages to affiliate sites will not be added. Sites which have explicit adult content or state you must be at least 18 years old to view, must be submitted to the appropriate Adult category. All sites are reviewed periodically. Sites in the directory are subject to changes in placement, description and possible removal from the the directory, based on this review. All sites submitted are reviewed by the directory's editors. Sites are listed by the sites actual title, followed by a brief description. This description will be based on the information you provide and the review of the website. Sites will be placed in the single most applicable and highest category based on our review. Sites which are continually submitted to the directory, using either a main url or sub-pages, will be banned. We don't list affiliate sites, splash pages to affiliate sites or co-branded sites. It does the surfer no service to list hundreds of sites which all go to the same service.  
Alternative Lifestyles - This category is for sites about relationships that are generally regarded as substantially outside the mainstream models of relationships. Personal ads are covered elsewhere in the hierarchy. One place to look is: Directory Society: Relationships: Dating: Personals: Alternative Lifestyles
Anger Management - Often times, our own tempers are our worse enemies. This category is dedicated to presenting resources for managing anger in a controlled, healthy way. If you have problems managing your anger, please learn more about how to control it. A good definition of the various forms of anger is presented on a Seven Deadly sins site, and is quoted here: "Anger-ire-rage-fury-indignation-wrath A strong feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism. An intense emotional state induced by displeasure. ANGER, the most general term, names the reaction but in itself conveys nothing about intensity or justification or manifestation of the emotional state. IRE, more frequent in literary contexts, may suggest greater intensity than anger, of with an evident display of feeling. RAGE suggests loss of self-control from violence of emotion. FURY is overmastering destructive rate that can verge on madness. INDIGNATION stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair, mean, or shameful. WRATH is likely to suggest a desire or intent to revenge or punish." Source: The seven deadly sins at http://members.tripod.com/RaelM/Anger.html
Chats and Forums - Sites that have chats and forums pertaining to relationships.
Cyberrelationships - Sites dealing with various aspects of cyber relationships including: singles chat rooms, on-line wedding chapels, internet romance and couple's internet romance stories. For sites regarding on-line personals see the Internet Dating category. Guidelines for Submitting Sites Following these guidelines will allow us to add your site to the directory quickly. Find the single most appropriate category for your site. (With few exceptions, sites are listed in the directory in one category only.) Submit your site using your main url. Use your site's actual title. Create a brief description. (under 25 words) Do not use first person verbiage (we, our, us). Don't bother using marketing verbiage. (We're the best!, the most beautiful women, lowest prices, ) Marketing verbiage is removed. Sites which are gateways or splash pages to affiliate sites will not be added. All sites are reviewed periodically. Sites in the directory are subject to changes in placement, description and possible removal from the the directory, based on this review.  All sites submitted are reviewed by the directory's editors. Sites are listed by the sites actual title, followed by a brief description. This description will be based on the information you provide and the review of the website. Sites will be placed in the single most applicable and highest category based on our review. Sites which are continually submitted to the directory, using either a main url or sub-pages, will be banned.  We don't list affiliate sites or co-branded sites. It does the surfer no service to list hundreds of sites which all go to the same dating service and database of members.  We will only list the actual home page of these sites. These affiliate sites include, but are not limited to; One and Only, Friend Finders, IwantU, Kiss.com, Beloved.net, Four * Personals, Foreign Affair, Meet Market, Singles on Line, Adult Friend Finders, Heart of Asia, Just Say Hi, Match On Line, Fantasy Match, and Sexy Ads.  
Dating
Divorce - This category is for sites that deal with the relationship aspects of divorce in a general way. For legal information please go to Society/Law/Legal_Information/Divorce or another Society/Law category.
E-zines - This section is for Relationship-related internet publications. Whether it's an email newsletter, a mailing list, or an e-zine, those publications which focus on topics such as: romance, marriage, divorce, singles, dating, relationship advice, etc. are welcome here.
Etiquette
Flirting
Friendship - Sites in this category are about non-sexual friends and friendship. Included are sites that explain how to make and keep friends, poetry and literature specific to non-sexual friendship, and sites pertaining to the historical, anthropological, psychological or political aspects of non-sexual friendship.
Kissing
Long Distance - See Submission Notice
Marriage - About marriage: getting married, and maintaining a married relationship. Inappropriate topics for this category include matchmaking or other introduction services, dating and wedding services, personals and counseling services.
Personal Pages - For sites about relationships. These should be personal pages, not commercial in nature. Sites to submit here would include, the story of your romance, advice/stories/articles about relationships, your views on relationships (yours or others). Personal Ads should go here . Your wedding should go here . Your story of how you met on the Internet should go here .
Questionnaires
Quotations
Romance - The romance category is for sites dealing with romance in general. Do not submit personal ads sites to this category. Submit them to the appropriate subcategory of Society: Relationships: Dating: Personals .
Web Rings
Weddings - Websites containing information of interest and use to brides, grooms and others planning a wedding.

Religion and Spirituality

Advaita Vedanta - Advaita Vedanta is a school of philosophy that argues that Truth, or Brahman, is the only thing that is real in this world. Since, mathematically speaking, there can be only one truth, and not two, the adjective 'advaita', meaning 'not two' is used. Vedanta refers to the 'anta', or the end, or summary, of the Vedas, the highly regarded treasurehouse of spiritual knowledge emanating from India.
African - This category includes African religions and their derivatives: both traditional indigenous African religions and the religions of the African diaspora.
Agnosticism - Agnosticism is a term originally coined by Thomas H. Huxley in the 1840s to refer to an ideology which states, primarily, that the nature of the universe and of existence itself cannot be known. Hence, it is foolish to pretend otherwise, and all attempts to the contrary must necessarily end in dogma lacking in all form of proof. From Huxley's "Agnosticism": "Agnosticism, in fact, is not a creed, but a method, the essence of which lies in the rigorous application of a single principle ... Positively the principle may be expressed: In matters of the intellect, follow your reason as far as it will take you, without regard to any other consideration. And negatively: In matters of the intellect, do not pretend that conclusions are certain which are not demonstrated or demonstrable."
Arts
Atheism - An atheist is a person who does not believe in the existence of a god, i.e., in the existence of a supernatural being.
Bahá'i - The main category for site featuring general aspects of the Baha'i Faith. The Baha'i Faith is an independent monotheistic world religion founded by Baha'u'llah, originating in Iran, and with its headquarters, the Universal House of Justice, situated on the slopes of Mt Carmel, Haifa, Israel. Besides representation with the United Nations as an NGO through the offices of the Baha'i International Community in New York, it is represented throughout the world by National Spiritual Assemblies in more than one hundred and eighty one countries, and by local Assemblies in thousands of local government areas. While presently numbering less than 7 million believers, this global span has led to it being listed as the second most widespread religion in the world by Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Buddhism - Buddhism comes from the teachings of the Buddha. There are many schools or flavours of Buddhism, so it can be confusing at times, especially to anyone unfamiliar with the subject. This category is about the religion Buddha founded, and includes information on the schools, people, practice, philosophy, and study of Buddhism. The fundamental ideas of Buddhism are: 1.) All human life is "dhukka" (impermanent unsatisfactoriness). 2.) All suffering is caused by human desire, particularly the desire that impermanent things be permanent. 3.) Human suffering can be ended by ending human desire. 4.) Desire can be ended by following the "Eightfold Noble Path": right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. From a metaphysical standpoint, these Noble Truths make up and derive from a single fundamental Truth (Dharma). The Buddhadharma is based on the idea that everything in the universe is causally linked. All things are composite things, that is, they are composed of several elements. Because all things are composite, they are all transitory, for the elements come together and then fall apart. It is this transience that causes human beings to sorrow and to suffer. We live in a body, which is a composite thing, but that body decays, sickens, and eventually dies, though we wish it to do otherwise. Since everything is transient, that means that there can be no eternal soul either in the self or in the universe.
Cao Dai - CaoDai is an indigenous Vietnamese religion with a strong following in France and the United States. It is a religion of unity, combining teachings and beliefs of Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Christianity, Spritism, and Geniism.
Christianity - This category includes sites that relate to Christanity, Christ, the Bible, Christian lifestyle and the Church.
Community - Please only submit your site to this category if it is a community based site. If your site is basically about a Church, please find the appropriate religious belief and submit your site within that category.
Computers
Conferences and Events
Deism - Category Description for Deism Welcome to Deism! Deism has at minimum these attributes: 1. Belief in the existence of God 2. Belief that God can be understood and followed by reason alone 3. Follows a moral code derived from reason 4. Denial of ceremony, ritual, mysticism, special revelation (like the Bible) Christian Deism While Christianity and Deism are different belief systems, some called themselves Christian Deists to avoid the charge of heresy while believing as strict Deists, others adopted aspects of Christianity as it suited them (or vice versa).
Directories - Guides, portals, directories, and similar sites providing a general overview of multiple religious traditions.
Divination
Enlightenment - Enlightenment is an entirely subjective term. This category is meant to aid the seeker in furthering their own investigation into spiritual awakening and liberation.
Esoteric and Occult - Esoteric and Occult is a broad category embracing religious and mystical traditions and practices throughout history which have served as alternatives to mainstream religions. Esoteric and Occult also encompasses secret societies, underground groups and unusual activities that fall within occultism, meaning the study of hidden things, that is, the hidden structure of reality and of humanity. The esoteric movement in the West began with Græco-Roman traditions of magic and mystery, and has continued to the present day through such well-known traditions as Neo-Platonism, Alchemy, Kabala, and Theosophy. Egyptian and other ancient religions have long been of esoteric interest although they are not truly alternative; they were mainstream religions in their native cultures, and only became esoteric after they were revived centuries or millennia later. These revivals have sometimes embraced traditions of questionable historicity such as occult Templarism and medieval Witchcraft, as well as real traditions seen through a distorted historical lens. Since the 19th century many Western esotericists have cultivated interests in Eastern mysticism as well. Yoga is commonly practiced by esotericists today, and modern occult conceptions have been strongly influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism, especially as interpreted by Theosophy and Thelema.
Ethical Culture - Ethical Culture is a humanistic religious and educational movement inspired by the ideal that the supreme aim of human life is working to create a more humane society.
Falun Dafa - Falun Dafa is a high-level cultivation system, similar to qigong that offers stress relief and health improvement, etc. It has five sets of exercises that are smooth, natural, and easy to learn. It also has principles guiding the cultivation of mind and body. Volunteers introduce the system to the public, free of charge and no donations accepted.
Fictional - Works of Fiction dealing with Religion or Spirituality in any way the author sees fit; from the sarcastic to the sublime. We place a particularly high value on any original theological thoughts or creative cosmological conceptions artistically developed in fictional form. In particular the category includes religions based on intentional fictions, or are parodies of one or more other religions. Whether the religion has adherents and the sincerity of those adherents is not a factor for classification into this category. Note that this category is significantly based on the concept of ha ha only serious .
Fourth Way - The Fourth Way is a method of inner development for ordinary people in everyday life brought to the West in the early part of the 20th century by G. I. Gurdjieff, and placed into a form more readily accessible to the Western mind by P. D. Ouspensky.
General - The Religion and Spirituality category encompasses all religious and spiritual concepts. Religion is a social phenomenon involving systems of shared practices, views, symbols, and moral values. Spirituality is a personal relationship and communication with the Divine or the Ground of Being, with or without the direct influence of any organization or a set of organizationally imposed views. Please see the category FAQ for more detail on the category and editing in it.
Gnosticism - Gnosticism is a concept of spiritual experience which has its roots in many religious practices and is not restricted to Christianity. It is also found in the Kabbalah of Judaism, the philosophy of NeoPlatonism, and in modern Iraq a small sect of peasants called Mandaeans (their word for 'knowers') still survives today. It is a belief system which considers the 'spiritual' world to be the real world and this material world but a product of the negative use of that spirituality.
Hinduism - Hinduism, also know as Sanatana Dharma is one of the oldest religions of the world. It originated without any single leader or personality and evolved with scripture expressing diverse thought. By some account Hinduism has over 2000 Gods and Goddesses and yet incorporates beliefs of those who worship the Divine without form. While this religion originated in India, today there are over a billion people who call themselves Hindus and practice this religion in some form.
Humanism - Humanist groups and other humanist sites. Most organizations listed are associated with the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU). Humanist groups associated with the Humanist Movement (Siloist) are listed in a subcategory of their own, and are not associated with the IHEU. Theistic and christian humanists have their own categories. Explicitly religious humanist and explicitly secular humanist sites should be put in the appropriate subcategory.
Humor - Humor with a religious theme.
Interfaith
Islam - This category contains links to websites in English about Islam. Those in other languages may be found under the relevant world category. The two meanings of the word Islam are "Peace" and "Submission (to the will of Allah)". Islam is a positivist religion in that it is based on proofs and contains no dogmas, a worldly religion in that it recognizes the social, biological, ... place of human beings in this world. It is a unifying religion in that it recognizes and calls to the messages of all previous prophets as Abraham, Moses, Jesus-Christ, it calls all mankind to peace, and it constructs a relationship between man and everything else that is closer than brotherhood for being created and assisted by The Same Creator, The Same Helper. It is the source of peace for both individuals and societies, in that it defines what is peace and how it can be reached. Being also the lifestyle ("deen" is more than religion) of over a billion followers spread throughout the world, it is worth taking a look at. Al-Islam's basic message is: "There is NO GOD EXCEPT ALLAH and Prophet Muhammad is Allah's servant and messenger.". Allah is the specific word for the ONE GOD who expresses and defines Himself in The Quran, The Holy Book of Islam . Note 1. Sites belonging to religions: a) claiming to have a prophet or messenger AFTER Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), b) disowning the Hadeeth or c) proposing changes to Al-Quran should request their own unique sub-category in the "Society: Religion and Spirituality: Faiths and Beliefs: " category of ODP. Note 2. It must be appreciated that sites under this category do not reflect the opinions of dmoz.org editors, and they do not have the responsability as to their contents' relevance or truth. Neither their contents nor the changes therein can be wholly inspected. However, sites with contents clearly against Islam should be reported.
Jainism - Jainism is one of world's oldest religion. Revitalized by Mahavira / Mahaveer 2500 years ago, Non violence or Ahimsa, Meditation and Yoga are inherent to Jain beliefs and teachings. It's goal is to attain Moksha or Nirvana.
Judaism - Religious culture of the Jews, one of the world's oldest religious traditions. Premodern Judaism constituted (and traditional Judaism today constitutes) an integrated cultural system of Jewish law, custom, and practice encompassing the totality of individual and communal existence. It is a system of sanctification in which all is to be subsumed under G-d's rule.
Meditation - Meditation is a practice with wide reaching roots in many religions as well as general health and stress reduction. Although meditation often has connections to faiths or belief systems, these are not necessary and indeed can be misleading. Meditation does not require a teacher, guru or specific faith any more than it should be limited by having any of these things.
Morality
Mysticism - Mysticism, immediate, direct, intuitive knowledge of God or of ultimate reality attained through personal religious experience. Wide variations are found in both the form and the intensity of mystical experience. The authenticity of any such experience, however, does not depend on the form but solely on the quality of life that follows the experience. A mystical life is characterized by enhanced vitality, productivity, serenity, and joy as the inner and outward aspects harmonize in union with God.
Native American - Sites related to Native American worship practices and beliefs.
New Age - The New Age movement is a 'holistic' movement, a diverse collection of people who share not so much one set of beliefs, but rather an optimistic faith in the future, a belief in personal and spiritual growth, and an open-mindedness towards non-traditional forms of spirituality. Whilst the term 'new age' is often misappropriated to mean 'any kind of new spirituality', the roots of most new age beliefs are firmly based in one or more established religions. New Age beliefs are often described as a 'fusion' or 'blend' of some aspects of different established religions. Many New Age sites or entities will have elements of Christianity or, often, Eastern religions and/or earth-based religions. It is very difficult to pin down what is, and what is not "New Age", particularly as the term is sometimes used in a derogatory sense by those opposed to this kind of spirituality. Common themes which underpin just about all New Age topics, however, are the belief in some kind of Supreme Being or Beings, and an emphasis on taking personal responsibility for one's own spirituality rather than relying upon set rituals or belief systems. As a general basis, some things that New Age is "NOT" include paranormal, psychic, extra-terrestrial, interested in the pursuit of one individual "god", prophetic, biblical, or separatist (among other things). Any sect (or cult) which deems itself as "the only way", or which assumes it's members to be "chosen" or special above all others is by definition - not - New Age.
News and Media
Noahidism - Noahides are Gentiles (non-Jews) who follow what are called the Seven Noahide Laws. The laws are "Noahide" because the seventh was given to Noah. Thus these moral and religious laws are universally binding on all men and women, of every nation.
Opposing Views - No matter what the religion, there's always someone with something to say against it. Here is where you will find those people, and what they have to say. If you have an "Opposing View" website you wish to submit, please submit it to one of the subcategories listed if your site will fit under one of them. If your site is about a religion not listed,submit it to this category and a subcategory will be made for that religion upon acceptance of your site.
Pagan - Pagan is a label on a group of religions. It covers both the resurrection, recreation or revival of old pre-Christian religions (often defined from the perspective of the Roman empire) but also covers new religions who have adopted the label. Some pagans are polytheistic and believe in a whole pantheon of gods, spirits and so on while others may believe in just two gods (usually a male and female) and some are monotheistic. Please make effort to find the most specific sub-category in which it belongs; the main Pagan category is only for sites of broad interest to all pagans.
Pantheism - Pantheism holds that the cosmos, taken or conceived of as a whole, is synonymous with the theological principle of God. The universe is divine, and the earth sacred. Pantheists do not propose belief in a deity; rather, they hold nature itself as holy. Pantheism reconciles science and religion through ecology leading to strong environmental awareness. Pantheists belive in Divine Immanence. To the Pantheist, divinity does not transcend reality; it surrounds, and is within. All share in divinity. This leads the pantheist to personal ethics of tolerance and understanding. See also the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy definition of Pantheism
People - Websites by or about individual people.
Prophecies - This category contains sites dealing with religious prophecies - predictions of the future, that are in some way strongly connected to or part of specific faiths. Pages about prophecies that are not connected to specific religions - those allegedly from psychics, alien visitors, or other forces not necessarily acting as intermediaries for the divine - are listed under /Society/Paranormal/Prophecies .
Reincarnation
Religious Studies - The Religious Studies category contains academic sites, references on primary sources (such as texts from various religious traditions), and other resources for the study of religions from an objective or comparative viewpoint. Sites that emphasize the study of a particular religion by adherents of that religion are classifed with that religion.
Religious Texts - Most religions have particular writings that they regard as sacred or in some way inspirational. These texts may prescribe religious law, describe historical events, document prophecies, or record words of praise. Some texts have an appeal outside of the religion that considers them sacred and are regarded more generally as important works of literature. This category provides links to religious texts by name, where there is a category specifically dealing with a named text, and by religious tradition. Sites listed here mostly provide links to online religious texts from multiple religious traditions.
Religious Tolerance - Religious, adjective, having a strong belief in a god or gods, or any such system of belief and worship. Tolerance, noun, willingness to accept behavior and beliefs which are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them. It is very easy to see, from the definitions alone, why Religious Tolerance can be a difficult subject. Strong beliefs often make tolerance difficult at best. The sites listed here in Religious Tolerance are intended to provide information and understanding of differing beliefs in order to increase acceptance.
Scientology
Sex and Gender
Shamanism - The word 'shaman' comes from the Tungus language in Siberia. The term refers to the spiritual leaders of certain societies, usually small-scale societies without centralized political organizations and occupational specialization. The shaman's primary function is to serve as an intermediary between his or her community and the spirit world. He has direct contact with the spirit world through trance states, uses the trance state for healing, bewitching and divining for his people, and uses his connections to spirits to achieve good or evil goals. Because of this perceived power, he is often the most feared person in the society. The techniques used in shamanic religions have been adopted by individuals and groups of non-shamanic societies seeking access to the spirit world. Modern versions of shamanism emphasize healing of self and others, but often lack the community foundation of traditional shamanic religions. In these contexts, shamanism is no longer a religion but rather a spiritual practice borrowed from traditional beliefs.
Shintoism - Shinto is Japan's indigenous religion; a complex of ancient folk belief and rituals; basically animistic religion that perceives the presence of gods or of the sacred in animals, in plants, and even in things which have no life, such as stones and waterfalls. The roots go back to the distant past. A large number of items discovered amongst remains dating from the Jomon period (up to 200 B.C.) are thought to have had some magical significance.
Shopping - Commercial sites selling "religious" books or items related to multiple religions. Sites concentrating on a particular religion belong in the category for that specific religion.
Sikhism - Sikhism is an ethical monotheism fusing elements of Hinduism and Islam. It was founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539), a mystic who believed that God transcends religious distinctions. Sikhism stresses the unity, truth, and creativity of a personal God and urges union with him through meditation and surrender to his will. It rejects the Hindu caste system, priesthood, image worship, asceticism, and pilgrimage, although it retains the Hindu doctrines of transmigration and karma. The ultimate spiritual authority is the Adi Granth , a collection of hymns and devotional poetry. The Golden Temple in Amritsar is the religious center.
Spiritualism - Spiritualism in its modern incarnation started in the mid nineteenth century in the USA and essentially grew out of Christianity. It is still perceived as largely Christian in its broadest sense (although no-one, least of all Spiritualists, would begin to claim that its beliefs were orthodox), but there are people from other traditions who happily take the title "Spiritualist" whose background is anything but Christian.
Tantra
Taoism - Tao can be roughly translated into English as path . It is generally used in a more metaphysical sense within popular Taoism, however. Tao (Dao) is often seen as an insentient and unseen force, principle or system rather than a concrete or even metaphorical path. Taoists believe that the Tao is the source of all things, and thus Taoism is older than recorded history. The person usually attributed with having "reawakened" knowledge of the Tao is Lao Tzu (604?-531? BCE) a mysterious figure said to have been a librarian in the south of ancient China. Taoism is a philosophy but evolved into a religion about 140 CE and was later adopted as a state religion. At that time Lao Tzu became popularly venerated as a deity. See also FAQ list at the temple.
UFO Movements - Faith groups inspired in some way by apparitions of UFOs.
Unitarian Universalism - Congregations and resources in this category are Unitarian, Universalist, and/or are connected with the Unitarian Universalist Association. The Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) represents the interests of more than one thousand Unitarian Universalist congregations throughout North America. The UUA grew out of the consolidation, in 1961, of two religious denominations: the Universalists, organized in 1793, and the Unitarians, organized in 1825. Universalism is a religious faith incorporating many tenets of Christianity, but not exclusively Christian. We believe in universal salvation, or, as it is now generally stated, in the eternal progress of all souls. Unitarianism historically developed from a critique of the Trinity as non-Biblical, and from a critique of Calvinism. Belief in a unity of God (not a Trinity) and a single nature (not dual nature) of Jesus led to the creation in the US and Great Britain of Unitarian Associations, both founded in 1825. Unitarianism also has roots in Eastern Europe, in Transylvania (Romania and Hungary) and in Poland.
Universal Life Church
Yoga - "Yoga" means Union, Union with Power of Divine Love. Yoga is one of the six classic systems of Hindu philosophy and holds that through the practice of certain disciplines you may achieve liberation from the limitations of flesh, the delusions of sense, and the pitfalls of thought, thus attaining union with the object of knowledge. It is knowledge that is the goal of all Yoga practices. In fact, Yoga doctrine insists that physical and mental training is to be used only as a means to spiritual ends.
Zoroastrianism - Zoroastrianism is the ancient religion of Persia. It was founded about 3500 years ago by the prophet Zarathushtra. Arising out of the polytheistic traditions of ancient India and Iran, he was one of the first monotheists in human history. Zarathushtra preached that there was one God, whom he called Ahura Mazda. Ahura means "Lord," and Mazda means "Wise," so Zoroastrians call God the "Wise Lord." Zarathushtra has been known in the West as Zoroaster, from the Greek transliteration of his name; in Persia and India he is known as Zarthosht.

Sexuality

Activities and Practices - This is a section for sites that deal with the discussion or the the artistic representation of the subject. Resources for supplies will also be listed. However, sites dealing with adult subject matter must be placed in the "adult" section.
Advice - General audience advice on sexuality and relationships. Sites may not be targeted to a Restricted (R) or "Adult's Only" audience. In other words, the language on the site must be politically correct and have educational value. No nude photos. However, adult (R) sites can go to http://dmoz.org/Adult/Society/Advice/
Celibacy
Chats and Forums
Children and Adolescents - This category includes sites dealing with developmental, psychological, and sociological aspects of sexuality from birth to adulthood.
General - Educational or information sites about human sexuality and sexual practice.
General Encyclopedias
Heterosexual Esteem
Male Sexuality
Masturbation - MASTURBATION -- Self-stimulation of the sexual organs. Masturbation is not always mentioned in positive terms and sometimes it is difficult for people to get good information about it. Therefore, this general categroy is intended for educational, documentary, scientific, and editorial websites only. "Adult's only" and "pay-for-view" sites are definitely not allowed here. However, we do have an adult section. If you have an adult site that you would like listed, please find the appropriate subcategory in The Adult Section
News - Sites which offer news or articles on various aspects of sexuality.
Politics of Sexuality - The politics of sexuality addresses, and often challenges, the social organisation of sexuality. Sexuality is not defined by nature, nor is it simply an individual matter. Sexuality as a political phenomenon involves a wide variety of issues including, for example, the representation of sexuality, sex education, hierarchies of sexual acts, individual freedom, reproductive rights, sex work and sexual identities.
Purity Tests
Sacred Sexuality
Sex Education - Educational resources on sex.
Sexology - Academic study of human sexuality.
Sexual Addiction - Resources for individuals who seek help in overcoming sexual addictions. Help for sexual addiction, sex addiction, masturbation, masterbation, voyeurism, fetishes, pornography, pedophilia, child molesting.
Spirituality - Whether it is a celebration of celibacy, masturbatory fantasy, marital bliss, or transgendered ecstasy...whatever you do with your body and mind, we want to explore the effect on your eternal spirit as well as the effect of your spirituality on your sex.
Tantra - Most westerners use the word "Tantra" to cover sacred and enhanced sexuality. Tantra, as practised in the West, referred to as "neo-Tantra", borrows from many traditions including Taoism, Hindu Tantra, Native American Quodoshka, African, Polynesian, Wiccan, Christian Gnosticism, etc. Real "Tantra" is a rigorous spiritual discipline and vast field of study -- the sexual aspect is a small but important part of it. Mystical experiences and altered states of consciousness result from many of the processes, especially the ones dealing with sexual energy. Tantricks use the principle of the ritual sublimation of natural impulses to attain altered states of consciousness. Tantrik adepts are trained to direct all their energies toward the conquest of the Eternal. The ritual satisfaction of lust and the consumption of consecrated meat or liquor are esoterically significant means of realizing the unity of flesh and spirit, of the human and the divine. They are not considered sinful acts but, on the contrary, effective means of salvation. Ritual copulation is, for both partners, a form of sacralization, tke act being a participation in cosmic and divine processes. The experience of transcending space and time, of surpassing the phenomenal duality of spirit and matter, of recovering the primeval unity, the realization of the identity of God and his Sakti, and of the manifested and unmanifested aspects of the All, these constitute the very mystery of the Tantra. -The Church of Tantra http://www.tantra.org
Workshops and Conferences - This category is for sites announcing or advertising scheduled group events pertaining to sexuality. Seminars, lectures, workshops, conferences, retreats, open-enrollment classes, meetings, trade shows, or exhibitions may all be listed here.

Subcultures

Anti Social - The Anti-Social Charter founded February 14, 1998 We, the founders of this establishment form this conclave in order to document the process of our alienation. Our salvation is evidenced by our PC tans and our paper cuts. We want to leave school inorder to make the money we deserve. We are the most important things in our lives. We would never treat people the way they have treated us. Hence, our motto: TRUST NO ONE This description courtesy of http://members.theglobe.com/antisocial1/ .
Bikers - Traditional definition of biker: A man who leads a lifestyle that revolves around being part of the brotherhood of riders of American-made motorcycles. Contemporary definition of biker: A person who leads a lifestyle that revolves around being part of the brotherhood and sisterhood of motorcycle riders, and share traditional attitudes about the code of the road. More controversial questions: Are Fair Weather Riders(FWR) bikers? They are motorcycle enthusiasts, and there is nothing wrong with that. Are yuppies, on motorcycles you can't afford, bikers? Do an attitude check. The answer lies more in whether or not they've got your back when you need them. Whomever you have for friends is up to you. In conclusion, bikers is a lifestyle. Sometimes it is a "Lifestyle with Attitude".
Cyberculture - Coverall of subcultures that have "grown up" on the Internet. Also includes all other aspects of cyberculture.
Directories - This category is for general subculture-oriented link sites. No subculture-specific link sites will be accepted.
Geeks and Nerds - Geeks and Nerds, those misfits of society. Whatever your interest, be it coding, books, Role Playing or online gaming, there are sites out there to promote the geek lifestyle and reassure you that you aren't alone, and you might just be cool too.
General - Take a walk outside your world just a second, not out of your office or out of your house but almost into a different plane of existance. This has nothing to do with subcultures of society. Confused? Good. Brush away any ideas you have of sterotypes and labels this is the world as it actually is in full choromatic glory, candid and honest views on how reality shapes real people.
Gothic - Just what makes one a Gothic or Goth one might ask? First, the term itself needs to be defined. A history buff might know that the Goths were a group of Germanic barbarians that invaded the Roman Empire between the 3rd and 5th centuries. Lovers of art and architecture will at once recognize Gothic architecture often seen in massive stone cathedrals, marked by very tall thin arched windows with elaborate stained glass designs. The art itself is dark and morbid, revealing the macabre interests of the Medieval Europeans. A more recent definition of Gothic refers to a movement in literature in the 18th and 19th centuries. Gothic literature is noted by gloomy settings, mysterious and often violent events, and psychological terror of some sort. Some widely known authors of Gothic tales are Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker, Edgar Allen Poe, and H.P. Lovecraft. What is known as the Gothic subculture today is actually an offshoot of the punk movement of the 1970s. Groups like Bauhaus and Siouxsie and the Banshees took the punk styles from bands like the Sex Pistols and The Clash and gave it a darker sound. It was actually Siouxsie Sioux herself who is credited with coining the phrase Gothic in reference to music. Some other noted Gothic bands over the past 20 years are The Cure, Sisters of Mercy, The Mission UK, Fields of the Nephilim, Christian Death, Curve, Rosetta Stone, and many others. It was the dark clothes and ghastly makeup worn by those early Gothic bands that inspired what has become typical Gothic fashion. Some characteristic of this fashion are dark colored clothing: blacks, dark reds, blues, and purples. Many often wear clothing made from leather, or in newer times PVC, or pieces of fetish attire, such as corsets and bodices. Bondage clothing, shirts or pants adorned with zippers and strap that constrict movement have become recently popular. Both males and females may be seen wearing makeup, which often consists of white, or very pale foundation, with dark colors on the eyes and lips. The dark, elaborate clothing was first meant as a backlash against the colorful clothes of the disco era. Goths may read many of the aforementioned authors and may be interested in Medieval history. Many goths also have an interest in alternative religions such as Paganism, Wicca, even Buddhism, although many are atheist. Although Goths may enjoy the darker things in life, many of them will dispel any rumors of being evil or malicious in any way.
Hip-Hop - Hip-Hop is about self-expression and self-appreciation. It speaks to those who have an open ear; it displays itself to those who have an open eye. Today Hip-Hop is a multi-cultural fusion of many different contributions made by several ethnic groups, which is why it is considered to be a universal art and culture. The elements of deejaying, emceeing, breakdancing and grafitti, all conclude to form an art that is "colorless" and enjoyed all across the world. Description from http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/thehiphopkrib
Hippie - Hippy is an establishment label for a profound, invisible, underground, evolutionary process. For every visible hippy, barefoot, beflowered, beaded, there are a thousand invisible members of the turned-on underground. Persons whose lives are tuned in to their inner vision, who are dropping out of the TV comedy of American Life. Timothy Leary (The Politics of Ecstasy) 1967
Industrial - This category is dedicated to the Industrial subculture, also referred to as Rivethead subculture. It grew out as a daughter of the Punk subculture (along with the Gothic subculture). It is heavily influenced by (and influences) the Industrial music genere, comprised of bands such as Skinny Puppy, KMFDM, Pig, Leaether Strip, Pigface, etc. Industrial subculture is historically very close to Gothic subculture; many individuals find themselves on a line between the two. The major difference is that while Gothic subculture tends to be based on sadness, and Punk on rebellion, Industrial is based on agression.
Lounge Culture
Modernist - Mod/Modernism is a movement which includes, but is not limited to, dressing sharp in '60s influenced attire, listening to mod/power-pop, ska, soul, jazz, and usually jeting about on Vespa or Lambretta scooters. The 1979 revival brough Mod into the spotlight, with The Jam at the helm.
Punk - As rock 'n' roll became bigger and bigger in the '70s, it was time for another revolution - a return to a basic, raw, three-chord sound, namely, punk. From the streets of New York City and London, punk rock reverberated around the world and turned the rock 'n' roll status quo on its head. This category catalogs the punk movement in a social context, rather than focusing on the music aspect of punk.
Rave - Rave is a word which was originally used by the British media in 1989 to describe the radical shift from dancing on disco dance floors too large, all night parties thrown in warehouses, country fields, and other such locations. Today, raves are known as night long parties where loud techno music is played. A common philosophy among ravers is PLUR - peace, love, unity, and respect. This category is dedicated to the rave culture, its philosophy and lifestyle.
Skinhead
Spotters - Spotters are people who have an almost obsessional interest in something which contains a great deal of variety, but which the majority of people see as mundane, purely functional, and/or identical in form. This interest normally involves some form of collection or logging of detailed data or images, using physical, electronic, or mental means. The group commonly conform to one or more of several stereotypes, such as the wearing of an anorak, or damaged spectacles held together with sellotape or plaster, although these stereotypes do not define the group. The term seems to have been first applied to people interested in the minutiae of public transport operations, notably railways, although most modes of transport attract such groups of people. It has spread to include other subjects, such as the recognition of musical samples contained in dance and rap music, and the recall of sporting results and associated 'trivia'. Spotters may be considered geeks or nerds . Both are often social misfits, however spotters may be defined by their obsessional interest in a topic and the collection of associated apparently trivial data, where as geeks and nerds may just be interested in something unusual. Common terms for spotters include trainspotters, gricers, twitchers (birds), greasers (trains), bashers (trains, mainly travelling), cranks, sellotape, and anoraks. However, the use of the term anorak has recently been adopted to refer to computer geeks, who are not normally spotters. This category lists sites about spotters as people in society, and their relationship to society. It does not list sites which contain resources useful to spotters, such as databases of vehicles, rolling stock, or records, although it may contain sites primarily aimed at helping people become spotters or supporting generic spotter lifestyles.
Straight Edge - The straight edge lifestyle means: no alcohol, no narcotics, no smoking, and no promiscuous sex. Some straight edge individuals also choose to become vegetarian or vegan. The straight edge lifestyle is meant to liberate the mind and body of an individual from chemical substances so he or she will become more focused and clear-minded. Straight edge is about freedom from addiction and demonstrating to the rest of the world that drugs and alcohol are not necessary to living a happy lifestyle.
Urban Primitive - Similar to the "Bodyart" category under Arts, this area concentrates less on the 'art' aspect, and more on the philosophy, culture and life-style of the Urban Primitive. ----- Link to Arts/Bodyart

Support Groups

Codependency
General - Any sites that can offer an opportunity to gain support, or give support, to people dealing with these issues. This may include forums, email lists, personal homepages. Groups and websites to help people cope with the troubles of life, or at least feel less alone. For disease-related support groups, see Health/Consumer Support Groups. A regional listing would be appropriate for information about a support group that primarily is about when and where a group meets in person.
Kids
Rape - (Please see new sub-category under "Sexual Abuse".) --lamerc
Ritual Abuse
Sexual Abuse - Resources, research, information and support for victim's of sexual abuse, spouse's and partner's and professional's working to aid in their recovery.
Twelve Step
Women

Transgendered

Academic - For transgender studies, calls for papers about transgender theory, profiles of trannies in academia, news of trans conferences, and reports or papers on and by transgendered folks.
Activism
Arts and Entertainment - For movies, performing arts, humor, and other entertaining arts related to or created by transgendered people.
Coming Out
Conferences
Crossdressing - Information by and for those who wish to present themselves as the gender of personal choice.
Family and Relationships - Information by and for our sweeties: allies, friends, family, and significant others of transgendered folks.
Female to Male - Information for and by female-to-male transgender and transsexual folks. NO ADULT SITES!!
Feminism
Genderqueer - Writing, personal pages, and mailing lists for genderqueers: folks who bend gender past the binary norms of man/woman and FTM/MTF, and land somewhere else entirely.
Health and Wellness - Mainstream and alternative medical information for transgendered folks, including transfriendly doctors and psychiatric info.
Internet
Intersexed - Information by and for intersexed folks: people who were born with anatomy that differs from cultural ideas of what "male" and "female" are supposed to be, whether they have ambiguous genitalia, XXY chromosomes, or something else entirely.
Law - Legal information and resources on laws affecting transgendered people, and our court cases.
Male to Female - Information by and for male-to-female transgendered and transsexuals.
News and Media
People - Known people and cultures who are transgendered.
Race and Ethnicity
Religion and Spirituality
Support Groups - transgendered support groups are organizations that have physical meetings or web-based forums/email groups which offer support to individuals in the Transgendered community.
Transition
Writing and Literature - Books, articles, stories, essays, and zines, by for and about the transgendered community.
Youth

Work

Career and Job Advancement - sites relating to job advancement, promotion, raises etc.
Company Loyalty
Coworker Relations
General - Focus is on work as a part of life: the work ethic, balancing work with family life, work schedules, etc. Access to work-related categories elsewhere in the directory.
Job Burnout
Job Sharing
Labor Movement
Labor-Management Relations - Category includes organizations and institutions which advise on, lobby in the area of, or do research on labor relations. This category includes updates to relevant law: judicial and administrative.
Minority Groups
Part-Time Employment
Rethinking Work
Self-Employment - Sites about self-employment, home businesses, contract work etc.
Shift Work
Technostress
Temporary Employment
Unemployment - Sites relating to unemployment and the unemployed.
Whistleblowing
Women - Regarding women and the workplace.
Work - Life Balance - Sites on how to get one's work life and non-work life in proper proportion.
Work and Family
Workaholism
Working Abroad - Sites for foreign workers and those wanting to work abroad.
Workplace Discrimination
Workplace Spirituality - Sites relating to faith and work.
Workweek Reduction

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